Category: Criminal homework help

1) Discuss in detail how computer databases and information networks may be useful in criminal investigations.
2) Discuss in detail how crime analysis (crime mapping and geospatial technology) may be useful as a tool in criminal investigations, e.g., home burglary, auto theft, or other crimes.
450 words/ 2 references

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Step 1: Understand the Assignment Requirements

Before diving into your response, ensure you fully grasp the key aspects of the task:

1. Computer Databases and Information Networks in Criminal Investigations: You need to explain how technological tools, like databases and networks, are used to support investigations, helping to streamline the process and improve outcomes.

2. Crime Analysis and Geospatial Technology: Discuss how tools like crime mapping and geospatial technology help analyze patterns in criminal activity. You should give examples of specific crimes (like home burglary or auto theft) where these tools are useful.

Step 2: Discuss Computer Databases and Information Networks

To start, you’ll need to explore how databases and information networks help in criminal investigations.

• Data Storage and Access: Criminal investigations often generate large amounts of data, from arrest records and fingerprints to evidence logs and case details. Databases store this data in a structured format, making it easy for investigators to access and cross-reference information. This helps police connect dots between seemingly unrelated cases or suspects. For example, criminal history databases can provide investigators with background information on a suspect, including previous crimes or known associates.

• Cross-Referencing Information: Information networks, like shared databases between local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies, allow police departments to share vital case details. This is particularly useful for investigations that span multiple jurisdictions. For example, if a suspect has committed a crime in one state, a national database can alert investigators in another state, allowing them to track the suspect’s movements.

• Fingerprints and DNA Matching: Technologies like AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System) and CODIS (Combined DNA Index System) are prime examples of how databases can directly aid in criminal investigations. These databases allow investigators to compare crime scene evidence (like fingerprints or DNA samples) with a nationwide database to find matches quickly.

Step 3: Discuss Crime Analysis and Geospatial Technology

Crime analysis is increasingly vital in solving and preventing crimes. Crime mapping and geospatial technology can provide a comprehensive picture of where and when crimes occur.

• Crime Mapping: By analyzing patterns in crime locations, law enforcement can predict where future crimes might occur. This tool is particularly useful for targeting high-crime areas and deploying resources more effectively. For instance, if a neighborhood is experiencing a surge in home burglaries, crime mapping can pinpoint the specific areas and times these crimes are happening, which can lead to increased patrols or surveillance in those areas.

• Geospatial Technology (GIS): Geographic Information Systems (GIS) allows investigators to overlay crime data on maps, revealing trends and patterns in criminal activity. This can be crucial for understanding crime hot spots and directing law enforcement where they are most needed. For example, auto theft often occurs in specific areas (such as near large parking lots or commercial districts). GIS can help officers recognize patterns and increase patrols or set up undercover operations in those high-risk locations.

• Predictive Policing: By analyzing historical data, geospatial technology can help predict the likelihood of crime in certain areas at specific times. This type of predictive policing uses algorithms to forecast criminal activity and helps agencies allocate resources more effectively. It’s a powerful tool for preventing crimes like home burglary, auto theft, and even violent crimes like assault or robbery.

• Resource Allocation and Crime Prevention: Both crime mapping and geospatial technology are tools for effective resource allocation. For example, if an area has a high concentration of burglaries, police can prioritize that area, conduct stakeouts, or encourage neighborhood watch programs, significantly reducing the chance of future incidents.

Step 4: Conclusion

Wrap up by emphasizing how both computer databases and geospatial technologies are invaluable tools in modern criminal investigations. They provide critical support in identifying criminals, solving crimes, and preventing future incidents by analyzing patterns, predicting behavior, and ensuring that law enforcement resources are directed efficiently.

By following these steps, you’ll create a comprehensive and well-organized response that highlights the importance of technology and data analysis in criminal investigations. You will also show a clear understanding of how these tools support real-world law enforcement efforts in solving and preventing crime.

In this module, we considered various contexts and purposes of needs evaluations. This is a beginning point in analysis of criminal justice policy: before progamming can be designed and implemented, we must understand the parameters of the problem. Mears offers two interesting examples pertaining to mass incarceration and sex crime laws.
In this week’s discussion, the first of two concerning this topic, we will discuss a conceptual matter: How do you define the need for a given policy? For example, what level of a crime problem is needed before policy makers should respond? Does there simply have to be any amount of crime? If so, how should policy makers decide how to allocate funds to specific types of crimes? To specific types of policies?
Explain why you selected a certain position, and justify your points. You don’t necessarily need to fetch journal articles to help, but if you wish to cite published evidence, that’s okay too.

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Step 1: Understand the Product Overview

The product you’re discussing is Cold-Pressed Apricot Oil from Organic Cravings. To begin, make sure you understand its key selling points. Here’s what you should focus on:

• 100% Pure and Chemical-Free: This oil is made without harmful additives, making it a clean option for beauty routines.
• Rich in Nutrients: It contains vitamins A & E, antioxidants, and essential fatty acids, all of which are beneficial for skin and hair care.
• Versatile Beauty Product: The oil can be used in various ways, such as a moisturizer for the skin or as a treatment for dry, damaged hair.

Step 2: Highlight the Benefits for Skin and Hair

Now, let’s dive into the specific benefits this oil offers:

• Skin Care: The vitamins and antioxidants in apricot oil help protect against environmental stressors, moisturize, and nourish the skin. Vitamin A supports skin renewal, while Vitamin E fights free radicals that age the skin.

• Hair Care: Apricot oil helps to hydrate dry hair, reduce split ends, and promote healthy hair growth. The essential fatty acids help condition the hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

Step 3: Introduce the Product and Provide a Call to Action

In your writing, start by introducing Cold-Pressed Apricot Oil and how it fits into a natural beauty regimen. Then, wrap up by encouraging readers to check out the product for their own beauty needs.

• Mention how it can enhance skin care and repair damaged hair.
• End with a link to purchase or explore more about the product. For example: “Nourish your skin and hair with this pure, natural oil today at Organic Cravings.”

By following these steps, you’ll be able to craft a detailed and effective description that emphasizes the benefits of Cold-Pressed Apricot Oil while encouraging readers to make a purchase.

Arson is a specialized area that may be handled by various organizations. However, police crime scene units are commonly involved. What are the issues that fire investigators have to deal with both in the field and in Court?

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Step-by-Step Guide to Discussing the Issues Fire Investigators Face in the Field and in Court

This assignment involves discussing the challenges that fire investigators encounter both at crime scenes and in court. Here’s how to structure your answer:

1. Introduction to the Role of Fire Investigators

What to Do:

• Start by introducing the role of a fire investigator. Fire investigators are tasked with determining the origin and cause of a fire, which often involves identifying whether the fire was accidental or intentional (arson).
• Briefly mention the specialized nature of this job and how police crime scene units often collaborate with fire investigators in solving arson cases.

Tips:

• Provide a clear definition of fire investigation and its significance in criminal justice.

2. Issues Fire Investigators Face in the Field

What to Do:

• Discuss the challenges in the field that fire investigators encounter. These can include:
  • Determining the cause of the fire: Is it accidental or intentional? Investigators must look for evidence such as accelerants or signs of forced entry, and they must carefully consider all possibilities.
  • Safety concerns: Investigators must navigate the dangers of potentially unstable structures after a fire, as well as hazardous materials or chemicals present at the scene.
  • Preserving evidence: Proper collection and preservation of evidence can be difficult, as fire can destroy or alter key physical evidence.
  • Weather conditions: Factors like rain, wind, or snow can interfere with the investigation and complicate the process of gathering evidence.

Tips:

• Use specific examples or case studies to show how these challenges can affect investigations.
• Mention how teamwork with police and other agencies helps overcome some of these issues.

3. Issues Fire Investigators Face in Court

What to Do:

• Discuss the challenges in court that fire investigators often face when presenting their findings as part of criminal trials. These challenges include:
  • Expert testimony: Fire investigators must be able to explain complex fire behavior and forensic findings clearly and persuasively to the court.
  • Credibility of evidence: In arson cases, investigators must prove that the evidence supports their conclusion that the fire was intentionally set, which can be difficult due to the destructive nature of fires.
  • Legal challenges: Defense attorneys may attempt to discredit the investigator’s methods or conclusions, often questioning the chain of custody, the accuracy of the investigation, or the investigator’s qualifications.
  • Scientific uncertainty: The science behind fire behavior and arson detection can be complex and may be challenged by experts on the defense side.

Tips:

• Mention the importance of training and certification for fire investigators to ensure their testimony is credible.
• Discuss how documentation and thorough investigation can help support the investigator’s claims in court.

4. Conclusion

What to Do:

• Conclude by summarizing the key challenges fire investigators face both in the field and in the courtroom.
• You might also mention the importance of continued training, collaboration with other agencies, and maintaining objectivity and thoroughness throughout the investigation process.

Important Tips for Success:

• Be Specific: Provide concrete examples where possible to demonstrate the difficulties fire investigators face.
• Focus on the Dual Nature: Remember to address both the field challenges and the courtroom challenges, showing a comprehensive understanding of the investigator’s role.
• Clarity in Writing: Ensure your writing is clear and concise, especially when explaining technical aspects of fire investigations.

By following these steps, you will be able to create a thorough and well-structured discussion about the issues fire investigators face in both the field and in court.

Consider the possible relationship between education and prejudice. Discuss how this relationship might be examined. Discuss how you might narrow the topic to one that could be researched.

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Step-by-Step Guide to Structuring and Writing Your Paper on the Relationship Between Education and Prejudice

Writing about the relationship between education and prejudice can be a complex and engaging topic. Below is a step-by-step guide to help you structure your paper effectively, while narrowing your focus for a research-friendly approach.

1. Introduction:

• Begin with context: Start by introducing the broader topic of prejudice and its societal impacts. Explain that prejudice can take many forms (racial, gender-based, etc.) and can be influenced by various factors.
• Introduce the relationship with education: Highlight the importance of education in shaping attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors, and introduce the concept that education may influence prejudicial attitudes.
• Thesis statement: Your thesis should outline what you will investigate—how education might influence the development or reduction of prejudice.

Example: Prejudice is a deeply ingrained social issue that affects individuals and communities. Education is often seen as a key tool in reducing prejudiced attitudes. This paper will explore the relationship between education and prejudice, focusing on whether exposure to diverse perspectives through formal education can mitigate biases.

2. Understanding Prejudice:

• Define prejudice: Provide a clear definition of prejudice, including its psychological, social, and cultural dimensions.
• Discuss different types of prejudice: Examine different forms of prejudice (e.g., racial, religious, gender, etc.) to give your reader a comprehensive understanding of the concept.

Example: Prejudice refers to preconceived opinions or attitudes held about individuals or groups, often based on stereotypes. It can be explicit or implicit, affecting various groups based on race, gender, religion, and other factors.

3. Education’s Role in Shaping Attitudes:

• Explore how education influences attitudes: Investigate how education, both formal and informal, might play a role in shaping prejudiced or non-prejudiced attitudes. Consider aspects like exposure to diverse ideas, critical thinking, and social interaction with people from different backgrounds.
• Support with theories or studies: Cite studies or theories on education’s role in prejudice reduction. For example, research might show that students in diverse, inclusive environments are less likely to hold prejudiced views.

Example: Research has shown that students exposed to diverse learning environments may develop more positive attitudes toward different racial and ethnic groups. Programs promoting multicultural education can challenge stereotypes and foster empathy.

4. Narrowing the Focus:

• Identify a specific angle for research: The relationship between education and prejudice is broad. To make it manageable, narrow the topic by focusing on one specific area. You could explore how education impacts racial prejudice in schools, how gender studies curricula affect sexism, or the role of higher education in reducing prejudice.
• Consider researchable aspects: Think about whether you can conduct a survey, experiment, or literature review to investigate the chosen aspect. For example, you could examine how exposure to diverse peers in university settings influences racial prejudices.

Example narrowed focus: A focused research question could be: “Does participation in diversity training programs in high schools reduce racial prejudice among students?”

5. Research Methods:

• How might this topic be examined? Discuss the research methods that would help you explore the relationship between education and prejudice. This might include qualitative methods like interviews or case studies, quantitative methods like surveys, or experimental approaches like testing the effects of an intervention.
• Possible sources: Mention where you might gather data, such as educational studies, psychological research, and statistics related to prejudice and education.

Example: This study could use surveys to measure students’ racial attitudes before and after participation in a diversity education program. Interviews could also be conducted to explore personal experiences with prejudice and education.

6. Conclusion:

• Summarize the topic: Recap your findings on the relationship between education and prejudice.
• Importance of the research: Emphasize why this topic is relevant and how it can contribute to understanding and addressing societal issues like prejudice and discrimination.

Example: By exploring the link between education and prejudice, this paper seeks to understand how schools and universities can play a role in fostering inclusive, respectful environments. Education has the potential to reduce prejudicial attitudes, promoting greater societal harmony.

7. Final Checks:

• Proofread and revise: Ensure your paper flows logically, and check for spelling and grammatical errors.
• Refine your thesis and arguments: Make sure your paper clearly supports your thesis, with well-structured arguments backed by evidence.

Using proper APA format in at least 450 words, briefly discuss the impact of the Edwards Rule pertaining to police interviewing and interrogation. In doing so, briefly provide an overview of the U.S. Supreme Court case, Edwards v. Arizona,
2 references/ 450 words
Need this in the next 2 hours

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The Edwards Rule, stemming from the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Edwards v. Arizona (1981), has significantly impacted police interviewing and interrogation procedures, particularly in how suspects are treated during custodial questioning. Here’s a brief breakdown of its significance:

Overview of Edwards v. Arizona (1981):

In this case, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that once a suspect in custody has invoked their right to remain silent or requested an attorney, police cannot initiate further interrogation without the presence of legal counsel. This decision was based on the principle that any further questioning without an attorney present could be considered coercive and violate the Fifth and Sixth Amendments, which protect against self-incrimination and ensure the right to legal representation.

The defendant, Edwards, had been interrogated after requesting a lawyer, and the Court ruled that any subsequent confession obtained without an attorney present was inadmissible, reinforcing the need to respect the right to counsel during custodial interrogations.

Impact of the Edwards Rule:

• Enhanced Protection for Suspects: The Edwards Rule strengthens a suspect’s Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights by preventing law enforcement from pressuring or re-interrogating a suspect after they’ve requested a lawyer. This ensures that confessions are made voluntarily and not under duress or coercion.
• Police Interrogation Procedures: Law enforcement must adhere to strict guidelines to avoid violating the suspect’s rights. Once a suspect requests an attorney, further questioning is prohibited unless the suspect initiates communication with the police or waives their rights in the presence of an attorney.
• Limitations on Police Tactics: The ruling has curtailed certain aggressive interrogation practices, ensuring that police cannot continue questioning a suspect after they have expressed a desire for legal counsel, thereby reinforcing fair treatment during interrogations.

In summary, the Edwards v. Arizona decision safeguards individual rights and influences police practices by mandating that once a suspect requests an attorney, all questioning must cease unless those rights are waived knowingly and voluntarily, which has had a lasting impact on the legality and fairness of police interrogations.

Using proper APA format in at least 450 words, briefly discuss the impact of forensic evidence on criminal justice case processing. In doing so, also briefly discuss biometric analysis as it may pertain to criminal investigations.

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Impact of Forensic Evidence on Criminal Justice Case Processing

Forensic evidence plays a critical role in the criminal justice system by providing objective, scientifically-backed information that can either support or challenge a suspect’s involvement in a crime. The impact of forensic evidence on case processing is significant as it helps ensure fairness and accuracy in legal proceedings. Key types of forensic evidence include DNA analysis, fingerprinting, toxicology reports, and ballistics analysis, among others. This evidence can be instrumental in linking a suspect to a crime scene, proving or disproving their alibi, or identifying the perpetrator.

Forensic evidence often acts as a cornerstone in both investigations and trials, aiding law enforcement in solving crimes more efficiently and contributing to the conviction of guilty parties. Additionally, forensic analysis can exonerate the innocent, as demonstrated by numerous cases where DNA evidence led to the release of wrongfully convicted individuals. However, the reliability and interpretation of forensic evidence are also critical—mistakes, such as mishandling or contamination of evidence, can lead to miscarriages of justice.

Biometric Analysis in Criminal Investigations

Biometric analysis is an emerging and valuable tool in criminal investigations, encompassing technologies like facial recognition, fingerprint scanning, and voice recognition. These techniques can help identify or verify the identity of individuals based on unique physical or behavioral characteristics. For example, fingerprint analysis has been a long-standing forensic tool, while facial recognition has gained prominence in recent years, especially with advances in digital surveillance.

Biometric analysis helps investigators link suspects to criminal activity, identify individuals from surveillance footage, or match fingerprints found at crime scenes to databases. It plays a vital role in providing additional layers of evidence, which can support or challenge witness testimony or the defendant’s claims. As biometric technologies continue to evolve, they offer greater accuracy and efficiency in criminal investigations, although they also raise privacy and ethical concerns related to surveillance and data security.

In summary, forensic evidence, including biometric analysis, significantly enhances the accuracy and efficiency of criminal justice case processing, supporting investigations, ensuring fair trials, and helping prevent wrongful convictions.

450 words and 2 references

Using proper APA format in at least 450 words, briefly list and provide an overview of a few of the different types of sex crimes. In doing so, briefly discuss how an investigator should approach a possible sexual assault investigation.
450 word/2 references

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Types of Sex Crimes:

1. Sexual Assault: This is the most common type of sex crime, which involves forced sexual acts without the consent of the victim. It can range from groping to rape.
2. Rape: A more severe form of sexual assault, rape involves non-consensual intercourse through coercion, force, or threats.
3. Child Sexual Abuse: Involves any sexual act with a child under the age of consent, including molestation, exploitation, or statutory rape.
4. Sexual Harassment: Typically occurring in the workplace or educational settings, sexual harassment involves unwelcome sexual advances or inappropriate behavior.
5. Indecent Exposure: Involves the intentional exposure of one’s genitalia in public or in the presence of others without consent, often intended to shock or disgust.

Approach to Investigating a Sexual Assault:

• Initial Steps: The first priority is ensuring the victim’s safety and well-being. Medical care and forensic examination should be offered immediately.
• Evidence Collection: Investigators must collect physical evidence, including DNA samples, clothing, and any items at the crime scene, while ensuring the preservation of the chain of custody.
• Victim Interview: Approach the victim with sensitivity and respect, ensuring they feel supported while providing a detailed account of the incident. Trauma-informed interviewing techniques should be used.
• Witnesses and Surveillance: Investigators should gather information from any witnesses and check if there is relevant surveillance footage that could assist in identifying the suspect.
• Collaboration: Collaboration with forensic experts, medical professionals, and victim advocacy groups is essential to ensure proper handling and support throughout the investigation.

By following these steps, investigators can build a comprehensive, careful, and thorough investigation that respects the dignity of the victim and aims to bring justice.

Using proper APA format in at least 450 words, discuss the evolution of criminal investigations. In addition, provide examples of what is considered effective police investigative practices.
2 references/ 450 words

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Step-by-Step Guide to Writing About the Evolution of Criminal Investigations and Effective Investigative Practices

1. Start with an Introduction:
   • Introduce the topic of criminal investigations, emphasizing their importance in the justice system. Define criminal investigations as processes used to gather evidence and information to solve crimes.
   • You may also want to briefly mention how these investigations have evolved over time, reflecting changes in technology, societal attitudes, and law enforcement techniques.

   Example: “Criminal investigations have undergone significant changes throughout history, evolving from rudimentary methods of inquiry to advanced, technology-driven practices. This paper will discuss the evolution of criminal investigations and highlight key examples of effective police investigative practices.”

2. Discuss the Evolution of Criminal Investigations:
   • Early Practices: In ancient and medieval times, investigations were often informal and relied on basic methods like witness testimony, confessions, or physical evidence (such as footprints or weapons). These were often rudimentary and lacked scientific approaches.
   • 19th Century and Early Forensics: With the advent of the 19th century, the rise of scientific methods began to influence investigations. The use of photography, fingerprints, and ballistics were introduced. The identification of criminals became more formalized.
     • Example: “In the late 19th century, Scotland Yard’s introduction of fingerprinting marked a revolutionary shift, providing a systematic way to identify criminals.”
   • Mid-20th Century: The mid-20th century saw the development of modern forensic science. The use of DNA analysis, polygraphs, and advanced fingerprinting techniques became more widespread.
   • Late 20th Century and Early 21st Century: The rise of digital forensics, surveillance technology, and DNA databases greatly improved investigative accuracy and speed. The integration of computers, digital records, and more advanced forensic analysis techniques became standard in criminal investigations.
     • Example: “The 1990s saw the use of DNA profiling in criminal investigations, leading to breakthroughs in cold cases and wrongful convictions being overturned.”
3. Highlight Effective Police Investigative Practices:
   • Forensic Science: The use of forensic science has proven to be an effective practice. This includes DNA analysis, toxicology reports, and fingerprint matching.
     • Example: “DNA analysis played a key role in the resolution of the 1983 case of the ‘Golden State Killer,’ whose identity was uncovered decades later using genetic genealogy techniques.”
   • Interviewing and Interrogation Techniques: The use of strategic interviewing techniques, such as the PEACE method (Preparation and Planning, Engage and Explain, Account, Closure, and Evaluation), allows investigators to gather reliable information.
     • Example: “Police in the UK have adopted the PEACE method for interviewing suspects, a non-coercive technique that has resulted in more reliable confessions and better cooperation from suspects.”
   • Surveillance and Technology: The use of surveillance, including CCTV, body cameras, and mobile phone data, has become a vital tool in solving crimes.
     • Example: “In the Boston Marathon bombing investigation, surveillance footage from public cameras was essential in identifying the suspects and piecing together their movements.”
   • Community Policing and Intelligence Sharing: Building trust with the community and creating partnerships between law enforcement agencies has been recognized as crucial for gathering intelligence and solving crimes.
     • Example: “The ‘Broken Windows’ policing theory, which focuses on addressing minor offenses to prevent larger crimes, has been effective in cities like New York, where community cooperation is central to preventing criminal activities.”
   • Use of Databases and Data Analytics: Law enforcement agencies now use large databases to track criminal activity. Tools like the National Integrated Ballistic Information Network (NIBIN) and the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) have made it easier to link suspects to crimes.
     • Example: “The use of CODIS allowed the FBI to identify and apprehend previously unidentified suspects involved in multiple cold cases.”
4. Conclusion:
   • Summarize the major points of the evolution of criminal investigations, highlighting the importance of forensic science, technology, and community involvement in modern policing.
   • Reiterate the effectiveness of current investigative practices and suggest how they can continue to evolve in the future with further advancements in technology and changes in social dynamics.

   Example: “As criminal investigations have evolved, law enforcement has benefited from scientific advancements, technological tools, and improved strategies for community engagement. Continued innovation in these areas promises to further improve the efficiency and fairness of the justice system.”

By following this structure, you’ll be able to write a comprehensive paper that covers the historical development of criminal investigations and highlights examples of effective investigative practices used in modern law enforcement.

Preparation
Search the University Library or the internet for trials using parameters such as, but not limited to, “watch criminal trials online.” If you cannot locate a video of the trial, you may review court documents for the trial. Note: The trial must be concluded in order to complete this assessment.
Choose a criminal trial from within the last 10 years. The trial should be a major felony case such as murder, armed robbery, burglary, aggravated battery, attempted murder, etc. You may choose:
A trial from the state you currently live in or lived in when you were a child.
A trial from the federal jurisdiction in your current area or where you lived as a child.
Note: This case should be different than the case you chose for your Week 4 assignment.
Assessment Deliverable
Write a 700- to 875-word article about the trial in which you:
Summarize the trial, including the charge and the elements of the crime.
Identify the parties represented in trial (i.e., prosecutor, judge, and defendant) and explain their roles.
Identify the type of court the trial was held in. Refer to Ch. 1, “Law, Crime, Courts, and Controversy,” for types of courts in the United States.
Explain how the court had jurisdiction over the case (i.e., state or federal).
Describe the steps of the trial process. Refer to Ch. 13, “Trials and Juries,” for the steps and process. Explain the history of the criminal court process as it relates to the defendant’s Sixth Amendment right and how it has evolved over time.
Cite at least 2 peer-reviewed, scholarly, or similar references.
Format your citations and references according to APA guidelines.
Submit your assessment.

 
The main functions of the police include patrol work and crime prevention. Patrol work is considered the backbone of policing, as patrol officers interact with the public throughout their shifts; while crime prevention includes activities to keep the citizens safe and is a catalyst to improve the public–police relationship.
Imagine you are a criminal justice professional asked to give a presentation for a town council meeting to introduce the town members to patrol work and crime prevention strategies employed to maintain public safety.
Assessment Directions
Create an 8- to 10-slide presentation detailing the basic operational policing functions. In your presentation: 
Explain the difference between patrol and other roles within a police department. What are 3 functions of patrol work as outlined by Sir Robert Peel? Provide an example of each.  
Describe different types of patrol and how each affects crime and community relations.  
Identify at least 2 improvements or innovations that have been incorporated to aid in patrol. How does each improve police patrol work? 
State the difference between reactive and proactive crime prevention strategies used by the police.
Include a title slide, a reference slide, and detailed speaker notes with at least 50 words per slide. 
Cite at least 2 peer-reviewed, scholarly, or similar references.
Format your citations and references according to APA guidelines.
Submit your assessment.
Assessment Support
Review Create a Presentation in PowerPoint for guidance on how to begin creating a presentation using PowerPoint
Review Add Speaker Notes to Your Slides for guidance on how to add speaker notes to a PowerPoint presentation
Review Find the Perfect PowerPoint Presentation Template for a variety of different presentation templates for Microsoft PowerPoint or use the Presentation Assessment Template.
Review the following resources for writing guidelines and APA information:
Center for Writing Excellence
Reference and Citation Generator
Grammar Assistance