Category: Chemistry

By now you should have completed several of the most important sections of formal report. It is time to combine them and add some other items such as Title, Reference, etc. Make sure that you will revise your formal report based on comments your TA provided to you during these individual practices. Once again, the following files may be helpful, though you may have read them before:
FORMAL_REPORT_INFORMATION.doc
Formal_Report_EXAMPLE.doc
Warning: Please read the following very carefully!!
A tool called “TurnItIn” will be used to check similarity (or originality) of your completed formal report. The originality report may be used to discipline students for plagiarism or other academic misconduct found in grading your formal report!!

Prelab Questions – please write me a detailed procedure ( I don’t want to read the lab manuals) and also have answers for the following Experiment Method
Understand the method and how it works.
What is being measured? What is being studied? What phenomena is being studied? What happens to the chemical system during measurement?
Expected Results
What results do you expect?
What will the raw data look like? What trends are expected?
How will you process your data?
What things will be compared?
Physical Significance
What understanding of the chemical system do you gain by performing this experiment?

here is a pre-Lab. We will recrystallize caffeine. Please do an EXCELLENT intro, as you indicated that you did not know about this. You all did do a lab in 1107 if you went here on Alum crystallization, but this is somewhat different. Please write a prelab for doing recrystallization from water, and from ethanol. Let’s use about 2.5 grams of caffeine.
These labs are pretty interesting actually. there is no actual protocol on what to do – you kind of just make it up based off of what we have already done in lab. you will research what you can do for this lab and make a protocol for it. ill attach a lab report I have previously done so you can get a better understanding. you will do the first half of the report since I haven’t done this lab yet. you will make up your own protocol get creative for chemicals attach the SDS sheet in a link too. follow the guidelines. do not work on observations since lab hasn’t been done yet. do the intro, procedure, protocol, the equipment and chemicals and that is it you need to research this topic beforehand and write about it in the introduction followed by the objective of the lab. if you use sources make sure to use superscriipt format for it. superscriipt goes after the period. include It in references. intro should be at least a page long. it should be detailed. you need to also do the lab equipment portion as well as the reaction and chemicals. do not morph the formatting of the template. remember this is a PRE LAB REPORT
you will research and write a protocol.

Write a Research Proposal for Chemical Engineering PhD application, the research objective is Adsorption and Separation of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Gases by gas separation membranes. Both Principle of preparation of gas separation membrane and Analysis difference kinds of membrane materials must be included, after all the analysis and comparison, we should focus on cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) as our best choose of material.
I have uploaded some references for you, please read carefully and make sure you use it in the RP, please also do your own research and add more references found by yourself, thank you so much.
Please strictly follow the structure below, make sure you included every single items.
Structure:
1.Introduction: Provide an overview of the research problem or question you aim to address. Explain why your research is important, its relevance to the field, and any gaps or controversies you aim to fill or resolve.
2.Literature Review: Summarize relevant literature related to your research topic. This section should demonstrate your understanding of existing scholarship, identify gaps in the literature, and show how your research will contribute to the existing body of knowledge.
3.Research Objectives or Questions: Clearly state the research objectives or questions that guide your study. These should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).
4.Methodology: Describe the research design, methods, and techniques you plan to use to address your research objectives or questions. This section should include details such as data collection methods, sampling techniques, data analysis procedures, and any tools or instruments you will use.
5.Timeline: Provide a timeline or schedule for your research project, outlining key milestones and deadlines. This helps demonstrate the feasibility of your proposed research within the timeframe of your PhD program.
6.Expected Outcomes: Discuss the potential outcomes or contributions of your research. What do you hope to achieve, and how will your findings advance knowledge in your field?
7.Significance and Implications: Explain the significance of your research and its potential implications for theory, practice, policy, or society. Consider both academic and practical implications.
8.References: Provide a list of references cited in your proposal, please use ACS style (American Chemical Society).

There’s an example pdf on the file please check it and use it.
This assignment is aimed at giving students practice in being informed consumers of scientific news. It involves reading a Science News article and then performing a literature search for a related peer-reviewed journal article.
You will be directed to find a Science News article about a scientific topic which you find intellectually stimulating. This news article should be recent (from the last five years). Locate a scientific peer-reviewed journal article related to the topic discussed in the news article. The peer-reviewed journal article may detail a study directly referenced in the news article, but it does not have to be. Library instruction will be provided to aid you in searching for a relevant primary or secondary literature source.
Give the complete citation for the article according to American Chemical Society format. Explain how you found the article. Be specific about the search engine, words typed into the search engine, and details on how you accessed the full text. Is the article primary or secondary literature? How do you know? Read the article. Summarize the article in 2-3 sentences. Your summary should be 2-3 full sentences; edit for grammar and spelling. Avoid plagiarism—in general, a computer program should not be able to find the same string of 4-5 words in a row. The assignment should be written in paragraph form, double spaced and submitted as a Word document into your course Canvas. Also upload a .pdf of your peer-reviewed journal article.

There’s an example pdf on the file please check it and use it.
This assignment is aimed at giving students practice in being informed consumers of scientific news. It involves reading a Science News article and then performing a literature search for a related peer-reviewed journal article.
You will be directed to find a Science News article about a scientific topic which you find intellectually stimulating. This news article should be recent (from the last five years). Locate a scientific peer-reviewed journal article related to the topic discussed in the news article. The peer-reviewed journal article may detail a study directly referenced in the news article, but it does not have to be. Library instruction will be provided to aid you in searching for a relevant primary or secondary literature source.
Give the complete citation for the article according to American Chemical Society format. Explain how you found the article. Be specific about the search engine, words typed into the search engine, and details on how you accessed the full text. Is the article primary or secondary literature? How do you know? Read the article. Summarize the article in 2-3 sentences. Your summary should be 2-3 full sentences; edit for grammar and spelling. Avoid plagiarism—in general, a computer program should not be able to find the same string of 4-5 words in a row. The assignment should be written in paragraph form, double spaced and submitted as a Word document into your course Canvas. Also upload a .pdf of your peer-reviewed journal article.

please have in it the purpose, your data, and your calculations determining the rate law and the rate constant. Since it is a a google doc you can keep editing it after submitting it but I do want to be sure you are starting work on the calculations. Its fine to work with your lab partner on this but both should submit the document. Determine the rate law and the rate constant k for the room temperature parts. Determine the rate constant for the hot and cold experiments. Graph lnk vs. 1/T and calculate the activation energy.
When you write your lab, remember to write for someone who knows chemistry pretty well but is unfamiliar with the lab and doesn’t have the lab handout.
Make use of the rubric attached to this assignment!
Please remember to give your paper a title and put your name on the report and say who your lab partner was. If you and your lab partner worked together to write one lab report you could say something like, “Determination of the Rate law and activation energy for the iodination of acetone” by Bud Abbot and Lou Costello. If you didn’t write it together you could say, by Bud Abbot. Lab partner: Lou Costello. I will provide the ruberic and data once I hire you

1. Solids are substances which have fixed shape
and volume. 1’hey are characterized by rigidity, incompressibility, slow diffusion and mechanical strength. They are classified as:
(a) Crystalline solids
(b) Amorphous solids .
2. The crystalline solids are further classified as:
(a) Metallic solids
(b) Ionic solids
(c) Covalent solids
(d) Molecular solids
3. A regular three dimensional arrangement of points in space is called a space lattice or crystal lattice. There are only 14 three-dimensional lattices known as Brava is lattices. The basic difference between the 14 Brava is lattices are the angles between the faces and the relative proportion of the sides.
4. A unit cell is the smallest unit of the crystal which when repeated again and again gives the crystal of the given substance.
5. There are three types of unit cells based on the cube. These are:
(a) Primitive or simple cube which has one constituent at each comer.
(b) Body-centered cube in which one constituent at the center of the cube as well as one at each comer.
(c) Face-centered cube in which there is one constituent at the center of each face as well as one at each comer.
6. A pure metal in the solid crystalline state is composed of atoms that are identical in shape and size. The identical spheres can be packed in a number of ways.
7. The number of nearest neighbors’ of an atom, ion or a molecule is called its coordination number.
8. In the hcp and ccp structures, about 74 percent of the available space is occupied by the spheres. In bcc arrangement, about 68 percent of the available space is filled up. In simple cubic structures, about 52.4 percent of the available space is occupied by the spheres.
9. The density of the unit cell,
solid-state-cbse-notes-class-12-chemistry-1
10. Any departure from perfectly ordered arrangement of atoms or ions in crystals is called imperfection or defects. These are of two types:
(a) Point defects (b) Line defects
11. Schottky defects occurs when a pair of ions of opposite charge, i.e., cations and anions are missing from the ideal lattice. The presence of a large number of Schottky defects lowers the density of a crystal, e.g., Ag Br.
12. The atoms or ions which occupy the normally vacant interstitial sites in a crystal are known as interstitials. It results in increase in density of crystal.
13. Frenkel defects is a combination of Schottky defects and interstitials. It occurs when an ion leaves its position in the lattice and occupies an interstitial site leaving a gap in the crystal.
14. Non-stoichiometric defects are a large number of inorganic solids in which the ratio of the number of atoms of one kind to the number of atoms of the other kind does not correspond to the ideal whole number ratio. Such compounds are called non-stoichiometric compounds.
15. When there is an excess of metal ions in non- stoichiometric compounds, the crystal lattice has vacant anion sites. These sites are occupied by electrons. Hie anion sites occupied by electrons are called F-centers.
16. Based on their electrical conductivity, solids are classified as:
(a) Conductors
(b) Insulators
(c) Semi conductors
17. Pure substances that show conducting behaviour like that of silicon and germanium are called intrinsic semiconductors.
18. When solid substances are placed in a magnetic field, they do not show the same behaviour. Depending on their response to magnetic field, the substances are classified as:
(a) Diamagnetic substances:
(i) These substances are weakly repelled by a magnetic field.
(ii) The electrons are paired.
(b) Paramagnetic substances:
(i) These substances are weakly attracted by the magnetic field.
(ii) These substances have permanent magnetic dipoles due to die presence of atoms, molecules or ions containing unpaired electrons.

draw the mechanism of amide molecule CH3CONH2 with thionyl chloride (SOCl2). The reaction should include all intermediate steps, proper electron arrow movement, lone pairs, and charges. Must draw out the mechanism, don’t just write it out. Draw the molecule, show arrow movements and lone pair
Oxygen attack on sulfur opening the S=O bond and releasing a Cl anion atom – Missing the pi bond to the carbonyl. Lone pair in N forming double bond with carbonyl carbon and opening pi bond with carbonyl oxygen to reestablishing a neutral charge on the oxygen. Cl anion in amides will deprotonate – essential step that is different here due to acidity of the H on a positively charged N to establish a neutral N atom. The lone pair available on the N can add to the pi system to form the triple bond for a nitrile releasing the O-SSOCl fragement. of the H on the N to form a triple bond by -O-SOCl anion to form nitrile

Note:This file is also available via Canvas Files. Students are also strongly encouraged to
check out the more detailed “FORMAL_REPORT_INFORMATION” file and a sample
formal lab report, both available via Canvas Files.
FORMAL LAB REPORT, General
A formal lab report is required in conjunction with some of the experiments in each
chemistry course. It is your chance to demonstrate to your professor or TA how well you
understand the experiment and the chemical principles involved. A formal report is different
than a term paper. It should be written in a scientific style, which is not the same style used
for English or philosophy papers.
The keys to effective technical writing are organization, brevity, clarity, and an appreciation
of the needs of the reader. You must write clearly and be thorough, but concise. Do not
ramble. The best way to avoid rambling is to first prepare an outline of the report and stick
to it. Always use complete sentences. Bulleted lists are okay in a lab notebook but are
unacceptable in a formal report. Formal reports must be typed. Use 1.5 line spacing, 1-inch
margins, 12 pt font and 8.5×11 inch paper. Only use third person, past tense. Also, proofread
well.
While report sheets may be a joint effort, formal reports must be individually written.
FORMAL LAB REPORT PRACTICE – Conclusion
The purpose of the Conclusion section is to summarize the pertinent concepts discussed in
the Result & Discussion section. Always begin your Conclusion by clearly stating your
results and the “goodness” or significance of your results, and relating them to ideas
presented in the introduction. In other words, if the objective of the study was to determine
the percent calcium carbonate in an unknown sample, you should restate the percentage, with
its uncertainty, in this Conclusion section.
Important observations may go in this section as well. Discuss the significance of the results.
When possible, compare your results with literature values. Discuss significant errors and
suggest improvements to the procedure or possible ideas for additional experiments that
could further support your conclusion.
Then make a concluding statement(s) and relate your conclusion to the ideas presented in the
introduction. Note: Stating that “overall the experiment went well” or that “I learned how to
use a piece of equipment” are not strong conclusions.
The conclusion is not to be a lengthy discourse. One paragraph (about four to seven
sentences) is the amount to be presented in conclusion.
Assignment: Practice writing a “Conclusion” section on the lab specified in
the syllabus and submit on the date indicated on the syllabus. Should be typed
in word document and submit electronically!