Category: C Programming

BEGINNER TO SHARPER CAN HELP THIS DOCUMENTS # C language #coding #computer #solving #training #mathematical

Key Features:
Procedural Programming: C follows a procedural programming paradigm, where programs are organized into functions that manipulate data.
Efficiency: C provides a high degree of control over hardware resources, allowing for efficient memory management and direct manipulation of bits.
Portability: C code can be compiled to run on various platforms without major modifications, making it suitable for cross-platform development.
Standard Libraries: C includes standard libraries that provide functions for common tasks like input/output, string manipulation, and memory allocation.
Pointers: Pointers allow direct memory access and are essential for tasks like dynamic memory allocation and data structures.
Data Types: C provides basic data types like integers, floating-point numbers, characters, and arrays. Users can define custom data types using structures and unions.
Control Structures: C supports control structures such as if-else statements, loops (for, while, do-while), and switch statements for decision-making and looping.
Modularity: Programs are organized into functions that can be reused, enhancing code modularity and maintainability.
Hello, World! in C:
Here’s a simple “Hello, World!” program in C:
cCopy code
#include
int main() {
printf(“Hello, World!n”);
return 0;
}
In this program:
#include : This includes the standard input/output library for functions like printf.
int main(): The main function is the entry point of the program.
printf(“Hello, World!n”);: The printf function prints the specified text.
return 0;: The program returns 0 to indicate successful execution.

Key Features:
Procedural Programming: C follows a procedural programming paradigm, where programs are organized into functions that manipulate data.
Efficiency: C provides a high degree of control over hardware resources, allowing for efficient memory management and direct manipulation of bits.
Portability: C code can be compiled to run on various platforms without major modifications, making it suitable for cross-platform development.
Standard Libraries: C includes standard libraries that provide functions for common tasks like input/output, string manipulation, and memory allocation.
Pointers: Pointers allow direct memory access and are essential for tasks like dynamic memory allocation and data structures.
Data Types: C provides basic data types like integers, floating-point numbers, characters, and arrays. Users can define custom data types using structures and unions.
Control Structures: C supports control structures such as if-else statements, loops (for, while, do-while), and switch statements for decision-making and looping.
Modularity: Programs are organized into functions that can be reused, enhancing code modularity and maintainability.
Hello, World! in C:
Here’s a simple “Hello, World!” program in C:
cCopy code
#include
int main() {
printf(“Hello, World!n”);
return 0;
}
In this program:
#include : This includes the standard input/output library for functions like printf.
int main(): The main function is the entry point of the program.
printf(“Hello, World!n”);: The printf function prints the specified text.
return 0;: The program returns 0 to indicate successful execution.

I’m seeking assistance with the final stages of my project design. The circuit assembly is already complete, and now I’m in need of the appropriate programming code to bring the project to fruition. My project revolves around creating a circuit to enhance the power factor. While I’ve made substantial progress, I’m now facing the coding aspect, which I’d like assistance with. I’ve attached an image of the circuit that I’ve meticulously put together. I’ve opted to utilize the PIC16F877A microcontroller for its implementation.
The code required for this endeavor is in the C programming language. The primary objective of the code is to continually monitor the power factor. If the power factor falls below 0.95, I want the code to activate a relay. Additionally, if the reading significantly deviates from the target, I intend for both relays to activate.
I deeply appreciate any support you can provide to help me achieve this critical coding task. Thank you for your invaluable assistance.
Below is an explanation of the steps involved in the automatic power factor controller code:
CODE EXPLANATION OF AUTOMATIC POWER FACTOR CONTROLLER
STEP 1:
Initialize the system and microcontroller.
STEP 2:
Configure a specific port for the LCD display, assigning pins as outputs and inputs as needed.
STEP 3:
Set the timer prescale value and initialize it to zero.
STEP 4:
Upon receiving an interrupt, start the timer’s counting operation.
STEP 5:
When the second interrupt is received, halt the timer and store its value in a designated variable.
STEP 6:
Use the stored timer value to calculate the phase difference between two waveforms.
STEP 7:
Perform necessary calculations to determine the phase angle of the signal and subsequently compute the power factor.
STEP 8:
Display the calculated power factor on the LCD display.
STEP 9:
Utilize the obtained power factor value to make decisions regarding the addition of capacitors in the circuit. Employ relays to incorporate capacitors as needed.
STEP 10:
Set the desired power factor value, completing the configuration.

The below code works 100% 105/105 what I need is to modify the script so that it looks new plagiarized free but works perfectly on input/output test files attached and bash script.Please find the attached files.
Thanks

Course Introduction
This course is designed for placement preparation and will mainly cover data structures and algorithms using C and C++. Even if you do not know C++, you will still be able to follow along easily. The notes will be made available as a PDF in the description below.
Data Structures and Algorithms
Data structures are used to arrange data in main memory for efficient usage while algorithms are a sequence of steps to solve a given problem. In this course, we will cover arrays, linked lists, and graphs as examples of data structures and dive into solving problems using different algorithms.
Programming Languages
C and C++ will be the primary languages used in this course but Java can also be used to implement the algorithms. I do not recommend Python or JavaScript for beginners but rather suggest learning C to get a solid foundation in programming.
Conclusion
Learning data structures and algorithms is a responsibility and I will teach this course in a way that is easy to understand for beginners. Don’t worry if you make mistakes or have trouble at first, just follow along step by step and everything will become clear.
Data Structures & Algorithms for Placements
This course is primarily for those preparing for placements or job interviews.
Time is limited when preparing for placements, so this course is structured to value your time. A 15-hour video on C with notes is available on the channel, which will be covered first. If you’re an advanced Java user or can program algorithms in Python, then it’s possible to do so. However, it’s recommended to learn C and C++ first.
Data structure is an arrangement of data in main memory, which refers to RAM (Random Access Memory) of 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 GB. The sequence of RAM usage is important when loading a program like “chrome.exe” for Windows. Fiddling with data occurs in main memory, which must be arranged optimally using data structures to minimize RAM usage.
The theory of databases is not covered in this course, but you should know their basic concepts. When opening a new tab, a large amount of data is stored in a database that must be retrieved and updated regularly. Data warehouses store data permanently for faster retrieval and updation for analysis purposes. Legacy data needs to be stored separately from the main system.
Sorting Algorithms
The example used here is sorting arrays in ascending or descending order. An algorithm is a series of steps to create a process. When sorting an array, steps must be taken to sort in ascending or descending order. The steps taken to sort an algorithm into an array define the algorithm.

Pointers in C are variables that hold memory addresses. They allow direct access and manipulation of data in memory, enabling dynamic memory allocation and efficient data handling. Pointers facilitate passing values by reference and enable the creation of complex data structures like linked lists and trees. However, improper use of pointers can lead to bugs like segmentation faults and memory leaks.

his program creates a structure for a hotel using an array of structures. It allows the user to enter details for multiple rooms and then displays the entered details.Overall, this program allows the user to input and store information about multiple hotel rooms and then displays the entered details for each room

C programming language : 1. What is C?
‘C’ is a general-purpose, Structured Programming Language. Its instructions consist of English terms that resemble algebraic expressions, augmented by certain English keywords such as if, else, for, do, while, etc. In this respect C resembles other high-level structured programming languages such as Pascal and FORTRAN-77. C also contains certain additional features, however, that allows it to be used at a lower level, thus bridging the gap between machine language and the more conventional high-level languages. This flexibility allows C to be used for systems programming (e.g., for writing operating systems) as well as for applications programming (e.g., for solving a complicated mathematical equations, or for designing a billing system for the customers).
1.1 Historical Development of C.
Laboratories) in 1970’s. It is an outgrowth of the two earlier languages, called BCPL and B,
After this various compilers of C were developed and used for executing C programs.
Some of them are:
Dennis Ritchie originally developed ‘C’ at Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc (now AT&T Bell which were also developed at Bell Laboratories. C was largely confined for use within Bell Laboratories until 1978, when Brian Kernighan and Ritchie published a definitive description of the language.
1. Turbo C 2. Unix CC
3. Microsoft C
4. Borland C
1.2 Where C Stands?
C is characterized by the ability to write very concise source programs, due to the large number of operators included within the language. It has a relatively small instruction set: though actual implementations include extensive library functions, which enhance the basic functions. Furthermore, the language encourages users to write additional library functions of their own. Thus, the user can easily extend the features and capabilities of the languages C compilers are commonly available for computers of all sizes, and C interpreters are becoming increasingly common.
Another important characteristic of C is that its programs are highly portable, even more than any other languages. The reason for this is that C delegates most computer-dependent features to its library functions, thus every version of C is accompanied by its own set of library functions, which are written for the particular characteristics of the host computer. These library functions are relatively standardized however each individual library function is generally accessed in the same manner from one version of C to another. Therefore. most C programs can be processed on many different computers with little or no alteration.