Category: Astronomy

Summarize these notes on Galileo, taking special notice of the discoveries he makes with the telescope.

In
this assignment you will use your inclinometer to find the height of a
building, a tree, and a telephone pole. Something similar can be done
to find diameters of planets. You don’t have the equipment necessary to
actually find the diameters of planets, but you can learn about the
technique by determining heights of everyday objects on Earth.
You are going to find the angle between the horizon and the top of
the building. Do it the same way you found the elevation of the Sun.
Point the edge of the protractor at the top of the building, and read
off the number of degrees between the string and the 90 degree mark on
the protractor.
Let’s say the angle is 35 degrees. The height of the building equals
the sine of 35, times the distance to the building, thus: height =
tangent (35) x distance.
The tangent is an example of a
trig function. Those of you who have taken algebra II are acquainted
with trig functions (for better or worse). You don’t need to know what
they are in order to do this project.
I will calculate the tangent of a range of angles for you:
tangent 10 = 0.176
tangent 15 = 0.268
tangent 20 = 0.364
tangent 25 = 0.466
tangent 30 = 0.577
tangent 35 = 0.700
tangent 40 = 0.839
tangent 45 = 1.0
45 degrees is the largest angle I want you to use. If your angle is
bigger than 45, back up. Adjust your distance from the building until
the angle from the horizon to the top of the building is one of the
numbers in the list. 25 or 30, for example, rather than 28.
To calculate the height of the building, you also need the distance
to the building. The most accurate method to get the distance is to use
a tape measure. If not that, you could measure the length of your
shoe, and walk heel to toe from your angle-measuring position, to the
building, counting the little baby steps. Multiply the length of your
shoe by the number of baby steps, to get the distance to the building.
Worst of all, you can measure the length of a full stride, and count the
steps to the building. The more accurate your distance to the
building, the more accurate the calculated height.
Example:
The measured angle between the horizon and the top of the building is
35 degrees. The length of my shoe is 11 inches. After measuring the
angle, I walked 90 baby steps to the building. 90 x 11 inches = 990
inches. 990 inches / 12 inches per foot = 82.5 feet.
h = tangent (35) x d
h = 0.700 x 82.5 feet
h = 57.8 feet
57.8 feet is actually how high the top of the building is above your
eyeballs. How high is the top of the building above the ground? You
figure it out.
Do this two more times, for a tree, and for a telephone pole.
Show all arithmetic operations, or NO CREDIT. Plus, I can’t give you feedback if I can’t see what you did.
You are not eligible for credit on this project
until I am satisfied with your submission for project 2: “Using Your
Sextant.” If you cannot point correctly in project 2, then you are
wasting my time and yours trying to do this project.

Look at the attachment for Directions and sources. Please, DO NOT USE OUTSIDE SOURCES
This activity assesses students’ mastery of learning objective #1 Compare and contrast the main properties of different spectral classes of stars.
Use the following stars to answer the questions below. Look carefully at each spectral type AND luminosity class!
Star Spectral Type & Luminosity Class
10 Lacertae O9 V
Canis Major M5 I
61 Ursa Majrois G8 V
Alnilam B0 I
Pollux K0 III
Wolf 498 M1 V
SS 433 is a binary system A V star + black hole

Segment 1 covers:
– Introducing life in the universe
– The science of life in the universe – the astronomical context
– The universal context
This assignment is for each one of you to come up with about 10 minute video presentation summarizing in your words the main concepts in the above 3 topics. Most students do a PowerPoint video presentation, MP4 video, or similar video creating software showing themselves presenting. This is the only video assignment assignment in this course.
You will get he highest score if I see you going over some material (slides, pdf,…etc). Having some material that you go over can also help you to focus your effort in about 10 minutes.
You will get less score if
1. You do the above without showing yourself, or
2. You show yourself making a presentation without some material that you go over. You just talk without a PowerPoints slides or any other file that you go over, or
3. You only send me a file such as PowerPoints, word, PDF, …etc without a video.
(Please use google slides instead of PowerPoint)

Space is a three-dimensional continuum containing positions and directions. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions. Modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetim

download the file at stellarium.org, based on whether you’re running windows, mac, linux, etc. . Or, you can use the web-based file.
Then, open the stellarium user’s guide: https://home.ifa.hawaii.edu/users/barnes/ast110l/StellariumQuickGuide-11Fall.pdf
to help you through the steps of setting up stellarium for you to use when stargazing.
Make sure you’ve added the angle measure tool.
Answer the following questions about your use of Stellarium:
1. What constellations are the following objects located in?
Jupiter:
Saturn:
Mars:
the Sun:
Venus:
2. Click on the following stars and record their absolute(abs) magnitude and distance from us in light years:
Vega:
Altair:
Deneb:
Polaris:
3. Reset the location of stellarium for Montreal, CA. Look North. How has the angle between polaris and the horizon changed? In Beaufort, Polaris is roughly 32 degrees up.
4. What is the distance in angular degrees between altair, vega, and deneb?
5. Set the date for March 2, 2023, at 6 pm. Look SW. How far are Jupiter and Venus separated?
6. Step the time backward and forward for ten days on either side of March 2. Describe the motions of Venus and Jupiter relative to one another.
7. Set the date to October 4th, 1957. What planets are in the sky 30 minutes after sunset, and 30 minutes before sunrise?

download the file at stellarium.org, based on whether you’re running windows, mac, linux, etc. . Or, you can use the web-based file.
Then, open the stellarium user’s guide: https://home.ifa.hawaii.edu/users/barnes/ast110l/StellariumQuickGuide-11Fall.pdf
to help you through the steps of setting up stellarium for you to use when stargazing.
Make sure you’ve added the angle measure tool.
Answer the following questions about your use of Stellarium:
1. What constellations are the following objects located in?
Jupiter:
Saturn:
Mars:
the Sun:
Venus:
2. Click on the following stars and record their absolute(abs) magnitude and distance from us in light years:
Vega:
Altair:
Deneb:
Polaris:
3. Reset the location of stellarium for Montreal, CA. Look North. How has the angle between polaris and the horizon changed? In Beaufort, Polaris is roughly 32 degrees up.
4. What is the distance in angular degrees between altair, vega, and deneb?
5. Set the date for March 2, 2023, at 6 pm. Look SW. How far are Jupiter and Venus separated?
6. Step the time backward and forward for ten days on either side of March 2. Describe the motions of Venus and Jupiter relative to one another.
7. Set the date to October 4th, 1957. What planets are in the sky 30 minutes after sunset, and 30 minutes before sunrise?

Describe two of Galileo’s astronomicaldiscoveries, using sketches to help illustrate yourresponse.● Describe two of Galileo’s discoveries in physics,using sketches to help illustrate your response.● Explain what hypothesis of Galileo’s wasincorrect and why.● Describe how Galileo’s controversy compares tomodern day controversies (i.e. climate science)

Describe two of Galileo’s astronomicaldiscoveries, using sketches to help illustrate yourresponse.● Describe two of Galileo’s discoveries in physics,using sketches to help illustrate your response.● Explain what hypothesis of Galileo’s wasincorrect and why.● Describe how Galileo’s controversy compares tomodern day controversies (i.e. climate science)

Describe two of Galileo’s astronomicaldiscoveries, using sketches to help illustrate yourresponse.● Describe two of Galileo’s discoveries in physics,using sketches to help illustrate your response.● Explain what hypothesis of Galileo’s wasincorrect and why.● Describe how Galileo’s controversy compares tomodern day controversies (i.e. climate science)