Category: Agriculture

1. Select the correct word from the following list and fill in the blanks.
float, water, crop, nutrients, preparation
(a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called crop.
(b) The first step before growing crops is the preparation of the soil.
(c) Damaged seeds would float on top of the water.
(d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and water and nutrients from the soil are essential.
2. Match the items in column A with those in column B
A B
(i) Kharif crops (a) Food for cattle
(ii) Rabi crops (b) Urea and super phosphate
(iii) Chemical fertilisers (c) Animal excreta,cow dung, urine and plant waste
(iv) Organic manure (d) Wheat,gram pea
(e) Paddy and maize
Answer: (i) (e) (ii) (d) (iii) (b) (iv) (c)
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY/ LITTLE SCIENTIST/RIDDLES/ SEA ASSESSMENT TO BE DONE FROM THE CHAPTER
Collect different types of seeds and put them in small bags. Label them
CREATIVITY/LIFE SKILL/ART INTEGRATION
Sowing seeds and observing the growth of a plant
KEYWORDS WITH MEANING:
1. Crop: Plants of the same kind are cultivated in one place on a large scale is called crops.
2. Animal Husbandry: It is a branch of agriculture dealing with the domestication, breeding, and rearing of
animals for various purposes.
3. Granaries: A granary is a storehouse or room in a barn for threshed grain
4. Harvesting: Harvesting is the process of cutting the mature drop manually or by machines.
5. Irrigation: The supply of water to crops at appropriate intervals is called irrigation.
6. Threshing: The separation of the grains from the stalk is called threshing.
7. Weedicide: Weedicides are chemicals that are sprayed over fields to get rid of weeds.
8. Winnowing: It is a method in which heavier component of the mixture is separated from lighter components
with the help of wind.
Q-ANSWERS TO BE DONE IN THE CLASS WORK:
Q 5 Explain how fertilizers are different from manure.
Answer: (i) A fertilizer is an inorganic salt.
(i) Manure is a natural substance obtained by the decomposition of cattle dung, human waste and plant residues.
(ii) A fertiliser is prepared in factories.
(ii) Manure can be prepared in the fields.
(iii) A fertiliser does not provide any humus to the soil.
(iii) Manure provides a lot of humus to the soil.
(iv)Fertilisers are very rich in plant nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
(iv) Manure is relatively less rich in plant nutrients.
Q 6 What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water.
Answer: The artificial method of watering the plants for assisting in their growth is called irrigation. Main sources
of irrigation are wells, tube-wells, ponds, lakes, rivers.
Two methods which help us to conserve water are:
(i) Sprinkler irrigation system: This irrigation system has an arrangement of vertical pipes with rotating nozzles on
the top. It is more useful in uneven and sandy land where sufficient water is not available.
(ii) Drip irrigation system: This irrigation system has an arrangement of pipes or tubes with very small holes in them
to water plants drop by drop just at the base of the root. It is very efficient as water is not wasted at all.
Q 7 If wheat is sown in the kharif season, what would happen? Discuss.
Answer: Wheat crop is sown from November/December to March/April. It is grown in winter and requires less
water. If wheat is sown in Kharif season, its production will decrease considerably.
Q 8 Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a field.
Answer: Continuous plantation of crops makes the soil poorer in certain nutrients as the crops take up nutrients
from the soil. The soil becomes infertile. It does not get enough time to replenish the nutrients.
Q 9 What are the weeds? How can we control them?
Answer: The undesirable and unwanted plants that grow naturally along with the crop are called weeds. The
growth of weeds can be controlled by adopting many ways. Tilling before sowing of crops helps in the uprooting
and killing of weeds, which may then dry up and get mixed with the soil. Weeds are also controlled by using certain
chemicals, called weedicides. Weedicides are sprayed in the fields to kill the weeds.
Addition questions:
1. What do you mean by the term agricultural practice?
Answer: Agricultural practices are those practices that involve the necessary steps to be taken during the
production of crops.
2. Explain the term leveling. What are the advantages of levelling?
Answer: Levelling is the process of breaking down the larger lumps of soil, and then levelling them by using a
leveller.
The following are the advantages of levelling:
Levelling helps to prevent soil erosion caused by wind or air.
It helps in sowing the seeds uniformly and thus helps the plants to grow uniformly too.
It helps in proper irrigation by allowing the water to get distributed uniformly throughout the soil.
3.Explain the term transplantation.
Answer: Some of the crops are first grown in the nurseries and then transferred to the main field. This process is
known as transplantation.
4.What are the advantages of manure?
Answer: Following are some advantages of manure:
It enhances the water-holding capacity of soil.
It improves soil quality.
It promotes the growth of soil-friendly microbes.
It is renewable, biodegradable, and eco-friendly.
5. What are weedicides? Give some examples.
Answer: Weedicides are the chemicals that are used to remove weeds. Some commonly used weedicides are 2, 4-
D and metachlor.

Competency
In this project, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following competency:
Determine how professional practice can be informed by the transfer of learning
Scenario
You work for Quantigration, Inc., a semiconductor manufacturing plant headquartered in the United States. Capitalizing on advancements in its product, Quantigration has aggressively expanded and acquired fabrication plants and workers around the world. With new employees joining every week, workers are both excited and nervous about the new opportunities and changes in responsibilities.
Because there is a shortage of employees in this industry, management wants to increase retention. To do this, they want to improve morale and foster good group dynamics. Your manager, Gregory, has asked you to make some initial recommendations. You check your email and see that he sent you this email late on Friday:
Date: Fri 3/16/2018 9:17 p.m.
From: Russo, Gregory
Subject: Morale and Employee Satisfaction
Attachments: employee_morale_research.pdf
Hi,
As I mentioned to you the other day, Quantigration is growing very quickly. I just did some quick calculations, and if things continue at the same pace, we will triple our workforce in four months!
Thank you for agreeing to help with the program; the board of directors wants us to keep employee satisfaction high. Morale is a top priority, since it will help us with retention. With so many employees joining the company, new departments forming, and people taking on new roles, we want everyone to get to know their coworkers. I’ve given your name to Nathan, a recent hire in the fulfillment department, who’s going to be training everybody on the shipping and receiving software. As a long time Quantigration employee, I’d like you to help him get settled and answer any questions he has.
I’d also like you to report back with a briefing about how to improve morale. The board has made it clear that they want any changes to be based only on research, so I’ve put together a few articles for you to review. But I’m having trouble convincing the board that our personal experiences are also important and need to be taken into account. Can you put together a document with your thoughts on how past experiences can apply to new situations? I’m having difficulty finding the right way to express this idea.
Gregory
After meeting Nathan in person, he followed up with this email:
Date: Mon 3/19/2018 10:42 a.m.
From: Morten, Nathan
Subject: All these new folks…
Good morning,
Thanks for stopping by and saying hello! I’ve been really busy getting to know everyone here. In fact, I just got another new group of employees assigned to train on the shipping and receiving software. That’s on top of the two departments I got last week!
I just don’t know how to stay positive through all these acquisitions. There are so many new names; it’s hard to keep track of them all. I’m having a hard time wanting to come in to work in the morning. Have you ever felt this way?
Nathan
Directions
Part 1: Email
First, write a 200- to 300-word email back to Nathan.
Relate your own personal experiences to his professional situation.
Think about what has motivated you in the past.
Consider a time in your professional or personal life when you didn’t feel motivated. What about the situation made it hard to feel invested? What did you do to push through?
What did you learn that could apply to Nathan’s situation?
Part 2: Briefing Document
Read the articles that Gregory sent to you, and prepare a 800- to 1,000-word briefing document.
Explain how research has informed your approach to the issue of employee morale.
How are other companies approaching the issue of employee morale?
What other kinds of research could you use to further improve the plan?
Describe how past experiences can apply to the new challenge Quantigration faces.
Think about your email to Nathan. Can the situation and strategies you described be applied to Quantigration?
What other experiences have you had that might apply?
Describe how research and personal experiences work together to inform decisions.
How do you compare personal experience with research to reach new conclusions?
Did the information in the research change the way you perceived the problem?
What to Submit
Every project has a deliverable or deliverables, which are the files that must be submitted before your project can be assessed. For this project, you must submit the following:
Email
Write a 200- to 300-word email that outlines what motivates you. Be sure to consider a time in your professional or personal life and how it could apply to Nathan’s situation.
Briefing Document
Write a 800- to 1,000-word document that examines research on employee morale: Use the Employee Morale Research that Gregory has compiled for the board of directors to inform this briefing. Make sure that you summarize the findings and relate them to your own experiences.

L’agriculture est une activité économique essentielle qui consiste à cultiver des plantes, élever des animaux et produire des aliments. Elle offre une source de nourriture, de matières premières et d’emplois pour des millions de personnes dans le monde .En effet la culture des plantes est l’une des principales branches de l’agriculture et comprend la culture des céréales (blé, riz, maïs), des légumes, des fruits, des oléagineux, des plantes médicinales et bien d’autres encore. Pour cela, les agriculteurs préparent et entretiennent les terres en labourant, en défrichant et en utilisant des techniques agronomiques pour optimiser les rendements. Ils sèment ou plantent les semences, irriguent les cultures avec de l’eau, entretiennent les cultures
Agrriculture est une activité essentielle pour l’humanité depuis des milliers d’années. Elle consiste en la culture des plantes et l’élevage des animaux dans le but de produire de la nourriture, des fibres et d’autres matières premières utilisées dans divers secteurs industriels.
La culture des plantes en agriculture se fait principalement dans des champs, où différentes variétés de céréales, de légumes, de fruits et d’herbes sont semées et cultivées. Les agriculteurs utilisent des techniques de préparation du sol, de semis, d’irrigation, de fertilisation et de protection contre les ravageurs pour favoriser la croissance des plantes et obtenir de bonnes récoltes. Ils peuvent également utiliser des serres ou des structures couvertes pour cultiver des plantes dans des conditions contrôlées, ce qui permetL’agriculture est une activité essentielle qui consiste à cultiver des plantes et à élever du bétail pour produire des aliments, des fibres et d’autres ressources nécessaires à l’homme. C’est l’une des plus anciennes formes d’occupation humaine et elle a évolué de manière significative au fil du temps.
La pratique de l’agriculture implique divers processus, notamment la préparation du sol, le semis des graines, la gestion des cultures, la récolte des produits agricoles, l’élevage du bétail, la transformation des aliments et la commercialisation des produits finis. Elle peut être réalisée à petite échelle, par des agriculteurs familiaux, ou à grande échelle, dans des exploitations agricoles industrielles.
L’agriculture est principalement basée sur la culture de plantes

Starting in Agriculture: Steps
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What are you need to do if you start in agriculture
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Starting a career or business in agriculture involves several key steps:
Education and Training: Consider obtaining relevant education or training in agriculture, such as a degree in agricultural science or related fields. This can provide you with the knowledge and skills needed for success.
Research and Planning: Research the specific sector of agriculture you’re interested in, whether it’s crop farming, animal husbandry, horticulture, or agribusiness. Create a business plan that outlines your goals, budget, and strategies.
Land and Resources: Secure access to land and essential resources such as water, seeds, livestock, and equipment. Determine the suitability of the land for your chosen agricultural activities.
Legal and Regulatory Requirements: Understand the local, state, and federal regulations related to agriculture. You may need permits, licenses, and compliance with environmental and safety standards.
Financing: Assess your financial needs and explore funding options, which could include personal savings, loans, grants, or partnerships with investors.
Crop or Livestock Selection: Choose the specific crops or livestock you want to raise based on market demand and your expertise.
Marketing and Distribution: Develop a marketing strategy to sell your agricultural products. Explore different distribution channels, including local markets, wholesalers, or direct-to-consumer sales.
Infrastructure and Equipment: Invest in necessary infrastructure and equipment, such as irrigation systems, machinery, and storage facilities.
Sustainable Practices: Consider implementing sustainable and environmentally-friendly farming practices to ensure long-term success and reduce your environmental footprint.
Networking: Connect with other farmers, agricultural organizations, and local agricultural extension services for support, advice, and networking opportunities.
Adaptation: Be prepared to adapt to changing market conditions, weather, and other unforeseen challenges in the agricultural industry.
Starting in agriculture can be a rewarding but demanding endeavor. Proper planning and ongoing learning are key to success in this field.

Agriculture Science Overview
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Agriculture is the practice of cultivating crops, raising livestock, and managing natural resources to produce food, fiber, and other products for human consumption and economic purposes. It encompasses various scientific disciplines and principles, including:
Crop Science: This branch of agriculture focuses on the cultivation of crops. Scientists study plant genetics, breeding, and physiology to develop high-yield, disease-resistant, and climate-resilient varieties. They also investigate optimal planting techniques, nutrient management, and pest control methods.
Soil Science: Soil scientists analyze the composition and properties of soils to enhance fertility, nutrient retention, and overall soil health. They develop sustainable practices like crop rotation, cover cropping, and soil conservation to improve agricultural productivity.
Animal Science: This field concentrates on the breeding, nutrition, and health of livestock. Researchers work to improve animal genetics, develop efficient feed formulations, and create better housing and management practices to ensure the well-being of farm animals.
Agronomy: Agronomists study the overall management of agricultural systems. They focus on optimizing crop production by integrating knowledge of soil, weather, and crop varieties to make informed decisions on planting, fertilization, and irrigation.
Agroecology: Agroecologists examine the ecological interactions within agricultural systems. They aim to develop sustainable farming practices that minimize environmental impact, reduce chemical inputs, and promote biodiversity.
Agricultural Engineering: Agricultural engineers design and develop machinery, irrigation systems, and infrastructure to enhance the efficiency and productivity of farming operations. They also explore innovations like precision agriculture and automation.
Horticulture: Horticulturists specialize in the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. They conduct research on plant breeding, disease control, and optimal growing conditions.
Agricultural Economics: Agricultural economists analyze the economic aspects of farming, including market trends, pricing, and resource allocation. They help farmers make informed decisions to maximize profitability and sustainability.
Environmental Science: Environmental scientists assess the impact of agriculture on the environment and develop strategies to mitigate negative effects. This includes managing water resources, reducing pollution, and promoting sustainable land use.
Food Science and Technology: Food scientists work to improve food safety, quality, and preservation techniques. They develop innovative food products and packaging solutions, ensuring the availability of safe and nutritious food for consumers.
In summary, agriculture is a multidisciplinary field that relies on various scientific principles to ensure sustainable and efficient food production while addressing environmental, economic, and social challenges.