Socrates, Augustine, Plato, Aristotle

1. What dilemma does Socrates pose for one who defines morally right as that which God commands?  Explain how each horn of the dilemma presents unattractive consequences for traditional religious beliefs about ethics.  Briefly explain why Augustine says good must be present in everything.

2. How does Socrates respond to the claim that acting just goes against ones self-interest?  In your answer, by sure to state how Plato defines justice. Restate an argument Socrates makes to show that the good is different from the pleasurable. 

3.  How, according to Aristotle, can we know what the good of something is?  What does the good life for humans consist of for him?  What does Aristotle mean by virtue and how to him are moral virtues distinct from intellectual virtues?  In your answer, state how Aristotle says the moral virtues can be acquired.

4.  Briefly state why Prichard says moral philosophy rests on a mistake.  What is an example of both a deontlogical and a consequentialist answer to the Why be moral question?  Briefly state why Prichard says neither answer is good.  What does he compare our knowledge of moral truths to and why?