• Identify and describe practice barriers for all four APNs’ roles in CALIFORNIA

• Identify and describe practice barriers for all four APNs’ roles in CALIFORNIA and discuss these barriers on a state and national level. The four roles include the nurse midwife, nurse anesthetist, nurse practitioner, and clinical nurse specialist. • Identify forms of competition on the state and national level that interfere with APNs’ ability to practice independently. • Identify the specific lawmakers by name at the state level (i.e., key members of the state’s legislative branch and executive branch of government) • Discuss interest groups that exist at the state and national levels that influence APN policy. • Discuss methods used to influence change in policy in forms of competition, state legislative and executive branches of government, and interest groups. **THE STATE IS CALIFORNIA**