After reading all the information and watching the video clips on the Jazz and T

After reading all the information and watching the video clips on the Jazz and Tap Influencer pages please do the following assignment in two parts.
Assignment PART A: After reading the information about as well as watching the video clips on a) the evolution of Jazz and Khadifa Wong’s Uprooted Film, b) Katherine Dunham and c)Jerome Robbins – Please compare and contrast what you think each artist’s contribution to the genre of jazz dance is and was. Please be specific about dance, theories or choreographic elements each artist used to further the jazz dance field and how their methods or creations were similar or different . Please write a full paragraph in complete sentences. (20 points)
Assignment PART B: After reading the information about as well as watching the video clips on the tap influencers (including the page on Savion Glover as well as the page on tap dance influencers), please pick two tap dancers or tap dance acts to compare and contrast. What interested you about each artist’s approach to tap dance and why and in what ways are the artists similar or different? Please write a full paragraph in complete sentences. (20 points)
LINK
UPROOTED
There is a new film that is making the rounds at film festivals currently by Khadifa Wong called Uprooted: The Journey of Jazz Dance and it is a documentary about the evolution and complex history of the jazz dance genre. “When people look at jazz dance, they don’t analyze it in the way they analyze ballet, or try to put it in historical context. Often jazz dance is only seen as entertainment and not intellectualized as a reflection of society. But in reality, it was created and shaped in response to America’s political history.” Khadifa Wong
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DUNHAM
(Katherine Dunham was an African-American dancer, choreographer, educator and anthropologist interested in exploring dances of the Caribbean and Africa and infused her modern dance focused pieces with elements from each. She revolutionized dance in the 1930s, 40s and 50s and created a jazz influenced technique called Dunham Technique that paved the way for artists such as Alvin Ailey. She is one of the founders of anthropological dance movement and she is credited for bringing Caribbean and African influences to a European-dominated concert dance world. She created over 90 dances and had a huge influence on jazz and modern dance techniques as well as companies of both genres)
Please watch the first 17 minutes of the following episode of Free to Dance:
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JEROME ROBBINS
He infused ballet with jazz elements while choreographing for Broadway including success with the shows like On The Town and West Side Story. He was born Jerome Rabinowitz and was the son of Russian-Jewish immigrants in New York City. His early training was in ballet and modern dance but he was also influenced by burlesque and vaudeville. In 1940 he was accepted into Ballet Theatre (which would become American Ballet Theatre and quickly advanced to a soloist. His first major choreographic work was Fancy Free – a ballet about three sailors on a one day leave in NYC. He collaborated with composer Leonard Bernstein to create the work. From that work a musical theater comedy called On The Town also choreographed by Robbins premiered on Broadway in 1944 and a film version of the show was created five years later starring Gene Kelly, Jules Munshin and Frank Sinatra. One of his greatest directorial and choreographic achievements was the Musical West Side Story for which he also collaborated with Leonard Bernstein. Based on Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, the story for the musical tells a tale of two lovers caught between two street gangs in NYC in the 1950s – a time characterized by an influx of immigrants into NYC from Puerto Rico. This musical has a serious message that pleads for racial tolerance and was conceived of by Robbins.
Please watch the three following videos with examples of Jerome Robbin’s Choreography:
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SAVION GLOVER
Savion Glover is originally from Newark, New Jersey and started tap Portrait of Tap Dancer Savion Gloverdancing at the age of 7 at Hines-Hatchett Dance Studio. After becoming proficient in the art of tap dancing, he met professional tap dancer Gregory Hines as a young teenager who served as a mentor to him and influenced his musicality. He also sites Hoofer Jimmy Slyde as an influencer of his expressiveness as a dancer. Influences for Glover as a dancer and movement inventor also include the African American Artists who came before him and he sees his contribution to the genre of tap as a tribute to them. His dance style has elements of rhythm-and-funk as well as the jazz music influences of Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie and Art Tatum. He is most interested in the music of the drum and bass (both African instruments) and the rhythm of the music generated by these instruments is a great influence on his own personal dance movement style. African-American culture, history and dance play a huge role in the lineage of tap that Glover is interested in passing down to his own students. On Broadway he danced in The Tap Dance Kid in 1985, was featured in Black and Blue and Jelly’s Last Jam and then choreographed and performed in Bring in da Noise Bring in da Funk in 1996 which showcased his own unique style of tap with African, Jazz, funk, hip hop and pop and lock influences. He has since choreographed and performed in numerous original stage shows as well as Film and TV appearances including Spike Lee’s film Bamboozled in 2000. Savion Glover at the age of 46 is still learning and searching and perfecting his own personal movement style.
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TAP DANCE INFLUENCERS (part b says pick 2)
Although this list doesn’t include every great tap dancer of the past 140 years, here are some tap dancers and choreographers who have influenced the trajectory of the genre of tap dance. Please watch the video examples of at least three tappers on this list:
1) BILL “Bojangles” Robinson: Born in 1878 Bill Bojangles Robinson originally wanted to be a jockey, but started experimenting with dance at a very young age. He ended up as a tap dancer, actor and singer at a time when performance in America was changing rapidly. He performed in minstrel shows before moving to vaudeville, the Broadway Theatre and eventually as each genre came about he performed in films, on radio and television. He is known for tapping on the tops of his toes, refining the iconic “stair dance” and gave tap dance a lightness that hadn’t been seen before.
“His career unfolded in the context of laws about how black performers could represent themselves on stage and who they could perform with. But Robinson’s talents and the salary he earned allowed him to flout some of those conventions, at times helping to change them.” – Kat Eschner – Smithsonian Magazine
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2) FRED Astaire and Ginger Rogers:
Born in 1899 as Frederick Austerlitz, Fred Astaire was best known for his highly successful musical comedy films in the 1930s and 40s with co-star Ginger Rogers. He got his start in vaudeville with his sister Adele and they performed on Broadway as an act from 1917 – 1932. In 1933 Fred was a featured dancer in the film “Dancing Lady” in 1933 and from there was paired with Ginger Rogers who was an actress, singer and dancer born in 1911 and already employed by the movie studio. Rogers also got her start in vaudeville and eventually on Broadway. She was made a star after her success in the Broadway Show “Girl Crazy” at the age of 19. Ironically, Fred Astaire was hired to help the dancers with their choreography in this Broadway show. Eventually she moved to Hollywood and was making significant headway in film including a breakout performance in Warner Brother’s “42nd St”. in 1933. Fred and Ginger’s first film for RKO Radio Pictures was “Flying Down to Rio”. They were a huge hit and made multiple successful movies in this period including “Swing Time,” (1936) “Top Hat”(1935) and “Shall We Dance” (1937). The elegance and virtuosity of their dance routines combined intricate tap steps with ballroom dance and usually served as statements of romantic love. Astaire was known as a hardworking perfectionist whose style was relaxed, light and effortless. Astaire (working in collaboration with choreographer Hermes Pan) simplified the movie musical dance sequence by requiring full body shots with minimum editing. He is one of the pioneers of serious dance presentation for film.
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3) JOHN W. Bubbles – Vaudeville star born in 1902 as John William Sublett is a tap dancer, singer and pianist known as the inventor of rhythm tap and performed alongside Ford L. “Buck” Washington as “Buck and Bubbles”. He incorporated dropping his heels on the off beat, using toes to accent with syncopation as well as extending rhythmic patterns beyond the usual eight bars of music. He began a true dialogue between jazz musicians and the tap dancer that has continued today.
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4) ELEANOR Powell: Born in 1912 she was an American tap dancer and actress who got her start in Atlantic City before moving on to New York at the age of 16. She danced on Broadway in 1929 and in 1935 she began a career in the MGM musicals in Hollywood and has an impressive body of work from this period. Powell did not use a choreographer and devised all of her own numbers which was unlike most other dancers in film in that era.
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