10 Articles 1. FIRST write out the article you are annotating with the full cita

10 Articles
1. FIRST write out the article you are annotating with the full citation of the article
2. AFTER this, please use the following recommended template/Subtitles:
A. Introduction
B. Summary of the article (annotation) … no personal views
C. Evaluation of the article (cite another article – one citation in this assignment is ok)
D. Conclusions and Policy Implications
EXAMPLE:
Article:Hughes, T. (2001). Police officers and civil liability: “the ties that bind”? Policing, 24(2), 240-262.doi:http://dx.doi.org.saintleo.idm.oclc.org/10.1108/13639510110390972
Title: Police liability
Introduction:
For module 3 discussion post I am going to discuss the article written by Hughes is 2001. The
title of the article is Police officers and civil liability: “the ties that bind” that talks about how officers think about civil liability. Hughes writes about how police try to mitigate lawsuits; research has been done on how police feel about civil liabilities and the outcome of that research.
Summary of article:
This article begins by talking about the methods used to control police officers’ behaviors and
actions. It is broken down into two different categories which are administrative measures and
legal actions. Administrative measures are done inside the department to try to keep officers
accountable for their actions. These measures are officer selection, trainings, department
policies, and disciplinary process. These are all done to try to protect officers and the
department from liability cases. The article discusses how liability cases can be financially
difficult for the department and the area it serves. They must use money from their budget to
cover these cost and the money comes from the tax payers. There is also the law which tells
officers what they legally can and cannot do. The article states that in the 1960’s lawsuits
against police started to rise leading to concern for police and their departments. Hughes then
talks about a study done in Cincinnati that was conducted to find out how officers felt about
civil liability of police and lawsuits against them. In the study the majority officer said they did
not have an experience personally with a civil lawsuit, but a large percent of the officers said
they did know of an officer that was being sued due to something that happened on the job. In the study about 60% of the officers thought training helps avoid liability cases. The study also showed that the most officers in this study did not believe that police should be subject to civil actions. While this article tells the findings of this study it is done with a wide range of officers with different ages, different amounts of education, gender, and different amount of time on the job.
Evaluation of the article:
I found this article very interesting because in the study done most officers said they had not
personally been apart of a civil lawsuit but knew someone who was. Those same officers being
studied also said they believed officers should not be subject to civil actions. I found it
interesting that they would think that no officers should be subject to civil actions. The study is done on a wide range of individuals in the Cincinnati police department, so I felt it was a fair
study for that area. I felt that explaining the two methods used to control police officers’
behaviors and actions was very thought out. It is very important to have good administrative
practices to protect from liability. “Policy must protect the financial interests of the community based upon potential losses of taxpayer dollars.” (Pipes, Pape, 2001) Liability cases cost law enforcement money, which leads to costing taxpayers. It’s important that law enforcement understands this.
Conclusions and Policy Implications:
From reading this article I feel that law enforcement should be a little more concerned about
liability issues. I think it very important for the chief of police to have good administrative
procedures in place to avoid liability issues. I believe it should be policy for law enforcement
to have training in place to understand liability issues and what can happen from them. I also
believe there should be training conducted regularly on new polices and rules. When officers
understand these and practice correctly there is less of a chance of liability cases. This also
leads to more money being put into helping the community instead of protecting the budget in case of a liability case.
References:
Hughes, T. (2001). Police officers and civil liability: “the ties that bind”? Policing, 24(2), 240-262.
doi:http://dx.doi.org.saintleo.idm.oclc.org/10.1108/13639510110390972
Pipes, C., & Pape, D. (2001). Police pursuits and civil liability. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 70(7), 16-21.
Retrieved from https://saintleo.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.saintleo.idm.oclc.org/docview/
204178723?accountid=4870
3. At the “Evaluation” section above, you must cite another article (apart from the one you are
annotating). You need to do this at least one time in this assignment.