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link for the text
SPSS Exercises
SPSS Exercises 2: Univariate Analyes
Review the four levels of variable measurement presented in Chapter 5.
Using the textbook, define “nominal measure.”
Using the textbook, define “ordinal measure.”
Using the textbook, define “interval measure.”
Using the textbook, define “ratio measure.”
Access the National Crime Victimization Survey dataset in the SPSS folder in Engage. Go back to the variable that indicates the relationship between the victim and the offender from SPSS Exercises 1.
a. At which level is this variable measured?
b. Run a frequency distribution of this variable), requesting the mode, median, and mean. Interpret the frequency distribution to state by whom we are most likely to be attacked according to this frequency distribution.
c. Remember to include the relevant SPSS output directly below your text answer.
6. Access the youth.sav dataset in the SPSS folder in Engage.
a. At which level is the variable V63 measured?
b. Run a frequency distribution for the variable V63, which provides information on how often respondents’ parents know where they are when they are away from home using the following response options: 1 = never, 2 = sometimes, 3 = usually, and 4 = always. Again, request the mode, median, and mean when you obtain the frequency distribution. Interpret the frequency distribution to state parents’ average knowledge of the whereabouts of their children from this sample.
c. Remember to include the relevant SPSS output directly below your text answer.
7. 7. Access the homicide.sav dataset in the SPSS folder in Engage.
a. At which level is the variable PRITIME measured?
b. Run a frequency distribution for the variable PRITIME, which indicates length of prison sentence. Again, request the mode, median, and mean when you obtain the frequency distribution. Interpret the frequency distribution to state the average length of prison sentences for homicide defendants.
The level of variable measurement dictates how to summarize the SPSS output. This chart can help you determine choose the summarize the frequency distribution according to the level at which these variables are measures:
Level of Variable Measurement
Appropriate Measure of Central Tendency to Report
Appropriate Univariate Statistic to Report
Nominal
Mode
Modal category from the statistics table/frequency table
Valid percent associated with mode from the frequency table
Ordinal
Median
Median category from the statistics table/frequency table
Cumulative percent associated with the median from the frequency table
Interval
Mean*
Mean value from the statistics table
Ratio
Mean*
Mean value from the statistics table
*For skewed data, it is appropriate to report the median instead of the mean. For the purposes of this course, we can assume that the data are not skewed.
Here are some examples using the homicide.sav dataset of how to word responses involving univariate statistics in SPSS:
· The variable “death” is measured at the nominal level.
· The average sentence is no/other sentence (78.3%).
· The variable “prconv” is measured at the ordinal level.
· The average number of prior convictions is zero (66.9%).
· The variable “dage” is measured at the ratio level.
· The average age of homicide defendants is 29.23.
For the variable “death,” required SPSS output looks like this:
FREQUENCIES VARIABLES=death
/STATISTICS=MEAN MEDIAN MODE
/ORDER=ANALYSIS.
Statistics
death sentence
N
Valid
1067
Missing
252
Mean
1.9681
Median
2.0000
Mode
2.00
death sentence
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid
Death
34
2.6
3.2
3.2
Other
1033
78.3
96.8
100.0
Total
1067
80.9
100.0
Missing
System
252
19.1
Total
1319
100.0
Notice how there are three parts to the required SPSS output: syntax, statistics, and frequency table