Please write a 450 word discussion post reply to the following post. Must have 3

Please write a 450 word discussion post reply to the following post. Must have 3 scholarly citations in APA format. Sources must be within last 5 years. Please include a biblical integration with a bible verse. Biblical integration is not used as one of the references. Textbook is: Khaliq, A. A. (2020). Managerial epidemiology. (1st ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. ISBN: 9781284082173.
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Discuss the value of assessing the distribution of diseases in concepts of persons, places, and time. How can descriiptive epidemiology assist the health care administrator in market analyses? Cite at least one peer-reviewed case of the utilization of disease distribution in the formation of policy or delivery of health care in a specific population.
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Assessing the distribution of diseases in terms of persons, places, and time is a fundamental aspect of epidemiology, known as descriiptive epidemiology. According to Khaliq (2018), “descriiptive epidemiology answers questions about who, where, and when in the distribution or occurrence of a disease” (p. 86). This approach provides valuable insights into the patterns and determinants of diseases, which can inform public health interventions and assist healthcare administrators in various ways.
Person, Place, Time
The “person” aspect of descriiptive epidemiology focuses on personal characteristics that can lead a certain type of person to be more affected by a disease compared to someone else who has different personal characteristics. These characteristics include factors such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, genetics, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle. This information is critical for tailoring healthcare services and preventive measures to specific populations. For example, identifying that a certain disease is more prevalent in a particular age group can lead to age specific vaccination campaigns or screening programs. This can be seen with the current RSV vaccine. RSV infection in aged individuals can result in more severe disease symptoms including pneumonia and bronchiolitis. Given the large disease burden caused by RSV in the aged, this population remains an important target for vaccine development (Stephens & Varga, 2021).

Next is the “place” factor. Examining the geographical distribution of diseases is crucial for understanding patterns and potential environmental risk factors. Identifying hotspots of disease can guide resource allocation and public health strategies. For instance, if a cluster of cases of a waterborne disease is identified in a specific region, public health officials can investigate the water source and implement measures to improve its quality.

And lastly, there is “time” in descriiptive epidemiology. Analyzing the time distribution of diseases can reveal trends and seasonality. This can help healthcare administrators prepare for surges in healthcare demand or outbreaks, as well as evaluate the effectiveness of interventions over time. For example, monitoring the seasonal variations in flu cases can inform the timing of flu vaccination campaigns.

Biblical Integration
The Bible tells us, “whatever is has already been, and what will be has been before; and God will call the past to account” (New International Version, 1978/2011, Ecclesiastes 3:15).This verse reminds us that history repeats itself, and God will call the past to account. It suggests that we should pay attention to the lessons of the past to avoid repeating mistakes and to strive for a better future. Healthcare administrators can retain this verse as a lesson that there are trends and patterns in healthcare, and more specifically with diseases. With descriiptive epidemiology they can look back at former trends and look forward, in hopes of predicting disease patterns in the future. Hopefully this allows for them to better help and service the communities that they serve so the impact and burden of various diseases are not too heavy to deal with.

Social Vulnerability Index
As for a specific case of the utilization of disease distribution in the formation of policy or delivery of healthcare, we can look at the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), which was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The SVI takes into account factors such as socioeconomic status, minority status, and housing and transportation to assess the vulnerability of different populations to various public health threats, including disease outbreaks. Socially vulnerable communities are more likely to experience higher rates of mortality, morbidity, and property destruction, and are less likely to fully recover in the wake of a disaster compared to communities that are less socially vulnerable (Spielman et al., 2020). By using this index, health administrators can prioritize resources and interventions in communities that are most vulnerable to diseases and health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Khazanchi et al. (2020) found that the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on minority and non-English speaking communities in both urban and rural areas may reflect compounding effects of structural racism, increased burden of chronic disease risk factors, and health care access barriers.

References
Khaliq, A. A. (2018). Managerial Epidemiology. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Khazanchi, R., Beiter, E. R., Gondi, S., Beckman, A. L., Bilinski, A., & Ganguli, I. (2020). County-Level Association of Social Vulnerability with COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in the USA. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 35(9), 2784–2787. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05882-3
New International Bible. (2011). The NIV Bible. https://www.thenivbible.com/ (Original work published 1978)
Spielman, S. E., Tuccillo, J., Folch, D. C., Schweikert, A., Davies, R. L., Wood, N. J., & Tate, E. (2020). Evaluating social vulnerability indicators: criteria and their application to the Social Vulnerability Index. Natural Hazards, 100(1), 417–436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03820-z
Stephens, L., & Varga, S. M. (2021). Considerations for a respiratory syncytial virus vaccine targeting an elderly population. Vaccines, 9(6), 624. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060624