Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses and respond to at least two of yo

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses and respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days who selected a different type of diabetes than you did. Provide recommendations for alternative drug treatments and patient education strategies for treatment and management.
colleaque post 1
Explanation of the Differences Between the Types of Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects how the body processes blood sugar (glucose). There are several types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes (Khan et al., 2019). Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that usually develops in childhood or adolescence (Akil et al., 2021). It occurs when the immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells in the pancreas, which are responsible for producing insulin (Akil et al., 2021). People with type 1 diabetes need to take insulin injections or use an insulin pump to manage their blood sugar levels (Akil et al., 2021). Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes and usually develops in adults. It occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels (Reed et al., 2021). Type 2 diabetes can be managed with oral medications, insulin, or a combination of both (Reed et al., 2021). Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and usually goes away after the baby is born (Khan et al., 2019). It can increase the risk of complications during pregnancy and delivery, as well as the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life (Khan et al., 2019). Juvenile diabetes, also known as type 1 diabetes, is a term used to describe type 1 diabetes that develops in children (Khan et al., 2019).
Drugs Used to Treat Diabetes
One type of drug used to treat type 2 diabetes is metformin (Reed et al., 2021). It works by lowering the amount of glucose the liver produces and increasing the body’s sensitivity to insulin (Reed et al., 2021). Metformin is usually taken orally, with or after meals (Reed et al., 2021). The dosage and frequency of the medication will depend on the individual’s blood sugar levels and other factors (Reed et al., 2021). Dietary considerations related to the treatment of diabetes include monitoring carbohydrate intake and avoiding foods that can cause blood sugar spikes (Magkos et al., 2020). Patients with diabetes may need to follow a specific meal plan or consult with a registered dietitian to help manage their blood sugar levels (Magkos et al., 2020).
Short-Term and Long-Term Impacts
The short-term impact of diabetes on patients can include symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue (Reed et al., 2021). In the long run, diabetes can lead to complications such as nerve damage, kidney damage, and cardiovascular disease (Reed et al., 2021). Proper management of blood sugar levels through medication, diet, and exercise can help prevent or delay these complications. However, if left untreated, diabetes can have a significant impact on a patient’s quality of life and overall health (Reed et al., 2021).
Summary
Diabetes is a chronic disease affecting blood sugar processing (Khan et al., 2019). It has several types, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes (Khan et al., 2019). Type 1 diabetes is autoimmune and requires insulin injections (Akil et al., 2021). Type 2 diabetes is common and can be managed with oral medications or insulin (Reed et al., 2021). Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and can increase complications (Khan et al., 2019). Metformin is a drug used to treat type 2 diabetes (Reed et al., 2021).
colleaque post 2
Types of Diabetes
There are four types of Diabetes Mellitus (DM): type 1 DM, type 2 DM, juvenile DM, and gestational DM. Type 1 DM was previously known as juvenile DM. It is a chronic condition that occurs when the pancreas makes little or no insulin due to beta cell destruction (Mayo Clinic, 2022). Because of this destruction of beta cells, patients with type 1 DM require lifelong insulin therapy. This type of diabetes typically is diagnosed in childhood or adolescence years with an abrupt onset.
Type 2 diabetes is a more chronic type of DM that exists when adipose and muscle cells begin to resist insulin. This causes the pancreas to create more insulin in an attempt to offset the resistance which progressively leads to hyperglycemia due to the pancreas’s inability to keep up with the demand of insulin (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022). Lifestyle modifications, oral medications, and noninsulin injectables are all treatments for type 2 DM.
Gestational diabetes presents during pregnancy, typically around 24 to 28 weeks gestation. It occurs because of the influx of hormones and glucocorticoids that are released from the placenta during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes resolves after pregnancy, but it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Type 1 Diabetes
Dietary modifications and insulin therapy are two treatment options for type 1 DM. Patients must be educated on the proper use of insulin and dosing in order to prevent hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic episodes. Individuals with type 1 diabetes can be prescribed both a long-acting and short-acting insulin. Levemir is an example of a long-acting insulin. It has a 24-hour duration of action with no pronounced peak and an onset of one to two hours (National Library of Medicine, 2022). It is injected subcutaneously into the fatty tissue that can be found in the abdomen, upper arms, or thighs. For once daily doses, Levemir should be administered with evening meal or at bedtime (Medscape, 2023). It is important to educate patients to check their blood glucose prior to taking insulin to prevent hypoglycemia. For those that take it twice daily, it should be injected with the evening meal, at bedtime, or 12 hours after the morning dose. If injecting in the abdomen, patients should be instructed to inject two inches away from the belly button. Additionally, it is important to educate patients to rotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy (National Library of Medicine, 2022). Patients should consume meals on a regular schedule and eat adequate portions to prevent hypoglycemia. Unopened Levemir should be refrigerated or stored at room temperature if it is going to be used within 42 days. An opened Levemir injection pen should be stored at room temperature and used within 42 days (Sinha, 2023).
Hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) are short-term complications of type 1 diabetes. Hypoglycemia can occur from overdosing on diabetic drugs and low dietary intake. Hyperglycemia can result from poor dietary choices, lack of exercise, and undermedication. DKA is a short-term complication that results from having blood sugar for an extensive amount of time. It is life-threatening and occurs when the body starts breaking down fat at a rapid rate and the liver processes the fat into ketones, causing the blood to become acidic (National Library of Medicine, 2023). Long-term complications of type 1 DM are cardiovascular and blood vessel disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, eye damage, foot damage, and pregnancy complications (Mayo Clinic, 2023). Due to these short-term and long-term complications, patients must be adequately instructed and educated regarding their glycemic control, treatments, and lifestyle modifications.
NB
Each response must have at least 2 intext citations in apa
references must be less than 5 years
each response must have a separate reference page
RESPONSE SHOULD POSITIVELY SUPPORT COLLEAQUE AND MUST ADD NEW IDEAS