The pre-Civil War era was a time of reform. Describe and explain the people who

The pre-Civil War era was a time of reform. Describe and explain the people who led these reform movements, and why. Whom or what were they trying to reform?
Also, within this period, children were both valued and devalued. Share your view of how children are valued and devalued today, supporting your claims with scholarly references and professional experience.
* Please use this reference first and the rest anything you want: Stern, M.J., & Axinn, J. (2018). Social welfare: A history of the American response to need (9th edition). Pearson.
Response Guidelines
Respond to at least two of your peers. Post your findings based on their responses and challenge or support them.
peer number one Quiana:The pre-Civil War era in the United States, spanning roughly from the late 18th century to the early 19th century was a time of reform with religious groups often having a very strong role in the reforms movements, driven by their visions of a ore just and moral society. In 1830’s, labor groups involvement was a result of an economic downfall, which responded to the desire to have protection issues in work such as 10- hour workday, education, and jobs for the unemployed in public works program (Stern & Axinn, 2019). The American Protestantism populations and and beliefs made a return, emphasizing on reforms that people could implement their own economic and social welfare (Stern & Axinn, 2019).
Women made up a big part of the textile sector, which was booming thanks to the industrial revolution, and children also worked in farms and factories (Stern & Axinn, 2019). Children were incredibly valuable during this time due to their cheap labor, which kept production going and the bottom line fulfilled, but they were also entirely devoid of any actual and concrete value due to the horrific working conditions and the low wages they were making.
Another change that was in the works at the time concerned women and children. Workers’ rights, as well as the formation of unions, were pioneered by educated business owners who had previously toiled in appalling conditions. They’d seen women and children suffer horrific injuries and even die as a result of the enormous and dangerous machinery that were being operated with little to no training. Children are now valued and undervalued in a new way. Children are now viewed in a new light since we now know how to nurture and educate them so that they can succeed in society (Bearer, C. F., Roland, D., & Molloy, E. J., 2022). However, the narrative has shifted from children assisting with work while school took second place to school taking first place and the majority of youngsters having leisure time. Most people in society now perceive children as the future of society rather than as tools, which might be viewed as more or less valuable depending on the person and how they view the world.
References
Stern, M. J., Axinn, J. Social Welfare. [Capella]. Retrieved fromhttps://capella.vitalsource.com/#/books/978013429296
Bearer, C.F., Roland, D. & Molloy, E.J. Value of children in our world. Pediatr Res 92, 1202–1203 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-021-01609-0
Peer number two Lilian:
The people who led the first part of the reform movements were American Protestants that had the belief system that if people were “properly led” in regards to facing predestined damnation then they could have the power to change and flee from their sin which would give them ability to change their economic standing and social welfare (Stern & Axinn, 2018). The second part of it prominently dealt with women and government leaders that were focused on the areas of reform activity of the extension of suffrage, temperance, more effective poor relief, humane treatment for the insane, rehabilitation of criminals, child saving, and, of course, the drive for the abolition of slavery, as well as public education (Stern & Axinn, 2018).
In the 1830s, children were both valued and devalued. They were valued as a source of labor and income for their families, but they were also devalued as they were often subjected to harsh working conditions and long hours (Matthews, 2021). In today’s world children are valued because we study ways to help their growth and development unlike the past (Bearer, & Roland, & Molloy, 2022). People these days have started to allow children to be children and have more leisure time instead of expecting them to act like mini adults and to get jobs as soon as they are able. However, the devaluing still comes in the forms of who they belong too (meaning who are their parents), their ethnicity, wealth status, genetic makeup, and socioeconomic level (Bearer, & Roland, & Molloy, 2022). In thinking about this portion of the original prompt I do not have any professional experience to offer that I can currently think of!

References:
Bearer, C.F., Roland, D. & Molloy, E.J. Value of children in our world. Pediatr Res 92, 1202–1203 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-021-01609-0
Matthews, S. (2021, April 30). Stereotyped and Devalued: The Story of Black Children The worries of a Black mother and mental health counselor. Psychology Today. Retrieved July 25, 2023, from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/achieving-excellence-through-diversity-in-psychology-and-counseling/202104/stereotyped-and
Stern, M.J., & Axinn, J. (2018). Social welfare: A history of the American response to need (9th edition). Pearson.