Type your answers in the document below. Short Essay Questions (one paragraph, 3

Type your answers in the document below.
Short Essay Questions (one paragraph, 3-5 sentences, each). Your answers must include quotations and/or citations from: the reading, my lecture videos, and/or the handouts. Use quotation marks and/or parenthetical citations. 18 points each.
1. Imagine a fictional Texas state public health official named Maddie. Using Kant’s terminologyfrom “What Is Enlightenment?,” explain why Kant thinks Maddie should be allowed to criticize the state’s response to coronavirus on her personal Twitter account. Define the terms you borrow from Kant to answer this question. See Kant, 59–60.
2. According to Russell, science produces physical inventions, but philosophy does not (“The Value of Philosophy,” second paragraph). On what basis does Russell think philosophy has any value, if its value does not lie in scientific inventions? Be specific. Do you agree with Russell that something does not need to produce results to be valuable? Why or why not?
3. Diotima says: “love is wanting to possess the good forever” (Symposium, 489). Using the definition of metaphysics offered in Module 1, explain the connection between this definition and metaphysics. In other words, what aspect of this sentence is especially metaphysical?
4. In reference to the prisoners in the Allegory of the Cave, Socrates says: “They’re like us” (Republic, 1133). Do you agree with Socrates here? To what extent do you think people today are “like” the prisoners? Use his presentation of the way of life of the prisoners to justify your answer.
5. Re-read the “spectacular vision” where Socrates explains his view of heaven: “Justice and self-control do not shine out through their images down here…” (Phaedrus, 527 and see through top of the following page). Explain why Socrates seems to believe in this version of heaven. What is motivating him to think this way or believe in this “vision”? Do you think you could believe in this version of heaven today? Why or why not?