ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS:
I posted both texts
Read the section on Montesquieu’s political thought in Fifty Major Political Thinkers textbook. Answer the following questions:
What is the title of the book that Montesquieu is best known for? In this book, what is Montesquieu’s view of laws?
How does Montesquieu describe the ‘State of Nature’? What roles do laws and reason have in shaping the lives of people?
How does Montesquieu relate the natural environment to politics?
How does Montesquieu classify types of governments? What characterizes each type?
What is Montesquieu’s stance on the issue of the separation of power? In his view, why is the separation of power necessary?
In Montesquieu’s view, what are the positive effects of commerce and trade
Read the section on Alexis De Tocqueville’s political thought in Fifty Major Political Thinkers’ textbook. Answer the following questions:
What is the title of the book De Tocqueville is best known for? What did his travel to America attempt to investigate?
How does De Tocqueville theorize the relationship between democracy and liberty?
Describe De Tocqueville’s theorization of the danger of the ‘tyranny of the majority’ within the context of ‘democratic equality’.
Describe De Tocqueville’s theorization of the danger that democracy can have to political engagement and social responsibility.
What is De Tocqueville’s stance on the decentralization of power? What is his idea for achieving it?
What is the importance of the political thought of De Tocqueville?
HOW TO WORK ON THIS ASSIGNMENT (EXAMPLE ESSAY / DRAFT)
The political theories of De Tocqueville and Montesquieu, two well-known political theorists, have had a considerable influence on the creation of contemporary political systems. This essay examines their political philosophy with a particular emphasis on how they see the law, democracy, and power.
The book “The Spirit of Laws,” written by Montesquieu, is most known for examining the nature of rules and how they affect how people behave. According to Montesquieu, rules should be created to advance the general welfare and be grounded in logic and natural law. He thought that laws need to be adaptable to changing conditions and that an impartial judge ought to be responsible for upholding them.
According to Montesquieu, the “State of Nature” was a constant state of conflict in which people were motivated by their desires and self-interest. He thought that to control these passions and build a stable society, laws and reason were required. Because it affected the nature and customs of the local populace, Montesquieu thought that the natural environment had a big impact on political structures.
Republics, monarchies, and despotisms are the three categories into which Montesquieu categorized governments. He thought that each style of government had unique qualities of its own and that a mixed government, which contained aspects of all three types, was the best. A supporter of the separation of powers, Montesquieu argued that it was essential to avert tyranny and safeguard individual freedom.
Montesquieu viewed trade and business as powerful forces that could encourage social peace and economic prosperity. He thought that trade may reduce barriers between different racial and ethnic groupings and foster goodwill among nations.
The most well-known work of de Tocqueville is “Democracy in America,” in which he examines the characteristics of democracy and how it affects society. De Tocqueville visited America to research democratic processes and was deeply impressed by its distinctive blend of democracy and individuality.
De Tocqueville felt that democracy and liberty were inextricably intertwined and that a society that respected individual freedom was the only environment in which democracy could flourish. He also spoke against the “tyranny of the majority,” which would allow the majority to subjugate minority communities.
De Tocqueville believed that democracy had the potential to erode civic duty and political participation. He thought democracy may promote an individualistic mindset that would damage social ties and undermine civic morality.
To prevent the consolidation of power in the hands of a select few, De Tocqueville argued in favor of decentralization of power. He advocated for a decentralized power structure that would enable local communities to rule themselves because he thought the local government was a crucial defense against tyranny.
Montesquieu and De Tocqueville’s political ideas are significant since they affected the creation of contemporary political systems. Their writings continue to be significant sources of political theory and analysis, and their views regarding the division of powers, individual freedom, and the perils of tyranny are still relevant today.
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