1. In Norris v. Alabama, what stage of the jury selection process was challen

1. In Norris v. Alabama, what stage of the jury selection process was challenged ?
2. (a) Define a peremptory challenge, (b) Define a challenge for cause. (c) To which does Batson apply?
3. In Foster v. Chatman, the Supreme Court considered a claim that the prosecution violated Batson in jury selection
(a) What evidence supported the claim that Batson was violated by race-based jury selection ?
(b)Who won this case?
(c) What was the basis of the Supreme Court’s decision ?
4. (a) What is the 100:1 crack/powder ratio?
(b) What are mandatory minimum sentences and what dictates the sentence ?
5. What evidence does the Sentencing Commission cite to support its conclusion that there is a race-based disparty in the system of crack/powder cocaine sentencing ?
6. What is the doctrine of qualified immunity ?
7. In Sheehan, the officers were found to have qualified immunity. How did the Court explain the reason why this doctrine applied to protect the officers ?
8. How does the Court view the question of whether or not the actions of an officer are in keeping with their training, or violate their training ?
9. The application of qualified immunity turns on whether an officer’s actions comply with “clearly established law.” What does that mean and what obligation does that impose on an officer ?
10. The Alexis case analyzes civil rights claims based upon each of 42 U.S.C. §1981, 42 U.S.C. §1983 and42 U.S.C. §1985. What does each of these statutes prohibit ?
11. Why did Alexis lose the §1981 claim against Domina and McDonald’s but win on the same claim against Sgt. Leoparti ?
12. Under Graham v. Connor, the “totality of circumstances” determines whether force used by an officer is
“excessive” and thus in violation of §1983. What are circumstances that the Court believes should be considered ? Are these circumstances fixed for all cases, or do they vary?
13. The dissenting opinion in Alexis discusses “substituted judgment” in the context of liability under §1983. What does this concept mean?