Scenario
You are a nurse working for a non-governmental organization (NGO) that trains volunteers to participate in global health initiatives. During the first week of training, volunteers are introduced to the foundations of global health. You are asked to design an infographic on the foundations of global health for a group of new volunteers.

Instructions
Design a one-page infographic that addresses the following:

• History and evolution of global health
• Scientific foundations of global health
• Examples of at least five global health interventions within public health systems, including project management, relief, and development
• At least five major determinants of health affecting global populations

Use APA format for citations and reference list. If needed, the reference list may be composed on a separate page.

Infographic Title:

Foundations of Global Health: What Every Volunteer Should Know

1. History and Evolution of Global Health

Early 19th Century: Focus on controlling infectious diseases (cholera, plague) and sanitation.
Post-WWII: Formation of WHO (1948) and international collaboration for health equity.
Late 20th Century: Primary health care and eradication of smallpox; attention to social determinants of health.
21st Century: Expanded focus on noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), mental health, climate change, and health equity.

Visual Idea: Timeline with milestones and small icons (e.g., WHO logo, syringe, globe).

2. Scientific Foundations of Global Health

Epidemiology: Study of disease distribution and determinants.
Biostatistics: Quantitative analysis of health outcomes.
Health Systems Science: Delivery, quality, and policy aspects of care.
Social & Behavioral Sciences: Understanding cultural, social, and behavioral impacts on health.
Environmental & Occupational Health: Study of external factors affecting population health.

Visual Idea: A circular diagram showing interconnected scientific disciplines.

3. Examples of Global Health Interventions

Vaccination Campaigns – Polio and measles eradication projects.
Nutrition Programs – Vitamin A supplementation and maternal-child nutrition.
Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Projects – Providing safe water and sanitation.
Disaster Relief Initiatives – Rapid deployment during epidemics or natural disasters.
Capacity Building/Training Programs – Strengthening local health workforce and infrastructure.

Visual Idea: Icons or images representing each intervention in a row with short descriptions.

4. Major Determinants of Health

Socioeconomic Status – Income, employment, and education.
Access to Healthcare – Availability and quality of services.
Environment – Air/water quality, climate, and housing.
Behavioral Factors – Nutrition, physical activity, substance use.
Political and Social Stability – Conflict, policies, and social equity.

Visual Idea: Five interconnected hexagons or puzzle pieces, labeled with each determinant.

References (APA 7th Edition)

Marmot, M., & Allen, J. (2014). Social determinants of health equity. American Journal of Public Health, 104(S4), S517–S519. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302200
World Health Organization. (2023). Global health estimates: Leading causes of death and disability. https://www.who.int/data/gho
Skolnik, R. (2017). Global health 101 (4th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Tips for Design:

Keep it visual and concise; use icons, symbols, and colors to differentiate sections.
Use a top-down or left-to-right flow for easy readability.
Include small captions for images and cite sources on the infographic.
Use bold headers for each section.