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This portfolio consists of six mini essays. Each mini essay has a word limit of 500
words. In total, you will write 3,000 words for the whole assignment.
– 5 references for each essay and DON’T put together in one References sheet.
Put is separately.
– Essay 5-6 need to have 1 photo for each essay.
For the first essay, you are required to discuss the following topic:
Some people claim that national culture models, such as Hofstede’s model of
cultural dimensions, are overly simplistic and misleading. Do you agree or disagree
with this assertion? What are the benefits and drawbacks of using such models by
global managers?
For the second essay, you are required to discuss the following topic:
“The more Cultural Intelligence one has, the better” is a common assumption in the
literature of Cultural Intelligence. To what extent do you agree with this statement?
Are there any drawbacks of having very high cultural intelligence?
For the third essay, consider the following scenario and answer the following
questions:
A Spanish manager has recently been assigned to work in Germany. The day after
she arrived in Germany, she received news that a close relative had suddenly died.
The woman was emotionally upset and burst into tears. She was appalled by the
lack of sensitivity of her German colleagues, who did not inquire about what had
happened or provide emotional support. On the other hand, her German colleagues
were surprised by her reaction and thought she was immature and unprofessional.
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Thus, while outward displays of emotions are often acceptable and even expected
at times in Spain, these same behaviours are often considered inappropriate, and
taking interest in a colleague’s personal affairs can be deemed rude and
unprofessional in Germany.
– Use relevant theory/theories to explain this cross-cultural difference in
emotional display.
– Discuss one or two strategies that can help global managers communicate
across cultures.
For the fourth essay, consider the following case and answer the following
questions:
A small Dutch high-tech firm was recently acquired by US electronics giant Intel.
Consistent with Dutch tradition, the small company had long provided many of its
middle managers with company cars to offset the country’s high tax rate on personal
incomes. In the eyes of its employees, this was part of their compensation package.
To many outsiders, however, the proliferation of new BMWs among the managers
of the small start-up seemed a bit excessive. After the acquisition of the company
by Intel Corporation, Intel’s HRM executives sought to rescind the Dutch company’s
car policy, since it was far more generous than that of the parent company back in
the U.S. Following a number of complaints and several key resignations, however,
the parent company policy change was dropped. This example illustrates the
conflicts and challenges faced by many of today’s global managers. From their
standpoint, the Inntel executives were seeking equality in their employee personnel
policies across the two countries, but from the Dutch standpoint the company cars
were part of this equality, since their income tax rate on salaries is substantially
higher than that for their US counterparts.
– Should reward systems within one company be the same across the globe or
tailored to each country? What problems may each of these approaches
create?
– Imagine that you are an external consultant, what advice would you give to
global organisations, such as Intel, and their managers in terms of managing
motivation across cultures?
For the fifth essay, you are required to discuss the following topic within the
vignette:
Your colleagues are from foreign countries, and they have never been to your
home country before. Imagine that you are using a metaphor to describe the
culture (The Spirit of Lion Rock 獅子山精神: A Metaphor for Hong Kong’s Resilient
Culture) of your home country.
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– What metaphor would you use to describe and explain your national culture?
– In what ways does this metaphor reflect the values, norms, and/or behaviours
of your home country?
Draw on relevant research to support your discussion. You should also include a
picture of the metaphor in your essay.
For the final essay, you are required to write a personal reflection of your own
cross-cultural experience. You should describe a memorable cross-cultural
experience and use relevant cross-cultural theory/theories to explain the cultural
differences in this experience. You should avoid discussing obvious cultural
differences (e.g., language differences, food, and other easily observable elements
of culture) in this essay. Discuss what you have learned from this experience and
how this experience may help you in future cross-cultural interactions with others.
Level of AI-Use permitted for this Assessment
Level 1- Not Permitted. The use of AI tools is not permitted in any part of this
assessment.
Duration n/a Word Count 3000 words
Task specific guidance:
Requirements for all six mini essays:
1) The first paragraph of each essay should include a couple of introductory
sentences stating the aim of this essay.
2) Each essay should have at least four references: at least 2 of them should
come from academic sources (e.g., books and journal articles), and the
others could come from other sources (e.g., newspapers, company websites,
company reports).
3) Each essay should end with the references of that particular essay. DO NOT
put all 30+ references at the end of the whole assignment.
4) Overall the assignment should not be more than 3,000 words, excluding all
references, titles, and key words.
5) Follow the specific format requirements for each essay and use the cover
page provided (see Brightspace)
6) Essay 5-6 need to have 1 photo for each essay.
Information on marking criteria:
1) Marking criteria on conceptual understanding of the subject area, use of
referenced sources, and presentation apply to all six essays.
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2) Marking criterion on critical understanding of the subject area applies to
essay 1 and 2.
3) Marking criterion on application of knowledge applies to essay 3 and 4.
4) Marketing criterion on reflection and reflexivity applies to essay 5 and 6.
General study guidance:
• Cite all information used in your work which is clearly from a source. Try to
ensure that all sources in your reference list are seen as citations in your
work, and all names cited in the work appear in your reference list.
• Reference and cite your work in accordance with the APA 7th system – the
University’s chosen referencing style. For specific advice, you can talk
to your Business librarians or go to the library help desk, or you can
access library guidance via the following link:
o APA 7th referencing: https://library.hud.ac.uk/pages/apareferencing/
• The University has regulations relating to academic misconduct, including
plagiarism. The Learning Innovation and Development Centre can advise
and help you with how to avoid ‘poor scholarship’ and potential academic
misconduct. You can contact them at busstudenthub@hud.ac.uk.
• If you have any concerns about your writing, referencing, research or
presentation skills, you are welcome to consult the Learning Innovation
Development Centre team busstudenthub@hud.ac.uk. It is possible to
arrange 1:1 consultation with a LIDC tutor once you have planned or written
a section of your work, so that they can advise you on areas to develop.
Do not exceed the word limit / time / other limit.
Assessment criteria
• The Assessment Criteria are shown the end of this document. Your tutor
will discuss how your work will be assessed/marked and will explain how
the assessment criteria apply to this piece of work. These criteria have
been designed for your level of study.
• These criteria will be used to mark your work and will be used to support the
electronic feedback you receive on your marked assignment. Before
submission, check that you have tried to meet the requirements of
the higher-grade bands to the best of your ability. Please note that the
marking process involves academic judgement and interpretation within the
marking criteria.
• The Learning Innovation Development Centre can help you to understand
and use the assessment criteria. To book an appointment, either visit them
on The Street in the Charles Sikes Building or email them on
busstudenthub@hud.ac.uk
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Learning Outcomes
This section is for information only.
The assessment task outlined above has been designed to address specific
validated learning outcomes for this module. It is useful to keep in mind that these
are the things you need to show in this piece of work.
On completion of this module, students will need to demonstrate:
Knowledge and Understanding
On completion of this module you will be able to:
1. Demonstrate systematic understandings of cross cultural differences and how these
differences affect business and management
2. Describe and comment upon the latest debates in cross cultural research
3. Demonstrate an appreciation of the limits of cross cultural knowledge
Ability
On completion of this module students will be able to:
4. Apply cross cultural theories and models to analyse cross cultural scenarios
5. Make use of journal articles and original materials to enhance individual learning
6. Explain and critically evaluate assumptions and abstract concepts in writing
Please note these learning outcomes are not additional questions.
Submission information
Word/Time Limit: 3,000 words
Submission Date: 9 May 2025
Feedback Date: 2 June 2025
Submission Time: 15:00
Submission Method:
Electronically via module site in
Brightspace. Paper/hard copy
submissions are not required. For
technical support,

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

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🧾 Overview:

This portfolio includes six mini essays, each 500 words (±10%) and based on a specific cross-cultural management topic. Each essay must include:

• 5 references (2+ academic)

• APA 7th referencing

• Essays 5 & 6 must include 1 image

• Separate reference list for each essay (no consolidated list)

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📚 Step-by-Step Guide for Each Mini Essay

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✍️ Essay 1: National Culture Models – Hofstede

Aim: Evaluate the criticism that national culture models (e.g., Hofstede’s) are simplistic and misleading, while balancing their benefits for global managers.

Structure:

1. Introduction (50–70 words)

   • State aim of essay: to examine the usefulness and limitations of Hofstede’s model for global managers.

2. Main Body (350–380 words)

   • Briefly explain Hofstede’s model and its dimensions.

   • Present criticisms: cultural stereotyping, outdated data, ignoring intra-country variations.

   • Present benefits: useful generalizations, decision-making aid in HRM/marketing.

   • Balance critique with practical relevance for global managers.

3. Conclusion (50–70 words)

   • Summarize key point: Hofstede is a helpful but limited tool—should be used cautiously and in context.

4. References (5 total)

   • 2 academic (e.g., journal articles)

   • 3 other credible sources

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✍️ Essay 2: The Value of Cultural Intelligence (CQ)

Aim: Assess the assumption that “more Cultural Intelligence is always better.”

Structure:

1. Introduction (50–70 words)

   • Outline the aim: to discuss benefits and potential drawbacks of high CQ.

2. Main Body (350–380 words)

   • Define CQ and its components (cognitive, motivational, behavioral, metacognitive).

   • Present benefits: better adaptability, communication, teamwork.

   • Discuss potential downsides: overconfidence, emotional burden, cultural over-accommodation.

   • Use current CQ literature to frame arguments.

3. Conclusion (50–70 words)

   • Conclude that optimal CQ matters more than high CQ without boundaries.

4. References (5 total)

   • Include at least 2 peer-reviewed academic articles.

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✍️ Essay 3: Cross-Cultural Emotion Display

Aim: Use cross-cultural theory to explain emotional misinterpretation between the Spanish and German colleagues and suggest solutions.

Structure:

1. Introduction (50–70 words)

   • Aim: analyze cultural miscommunication using theory and suggest strategies for global managers.

2. Main Body (350–380 words)

   • Apply Hall’s High vs. Low Context or Hofstede’s Individualism/Collectivism + Uncertainty Avoidance.

   • Explain emotional norms in Spain vs. Germany.

   • Recommend strategies: cultural briefings, empathy training, active listening.

3. Conclusion (50–70 words)

   • Recap theory used and one key strategy for resolution.

4. References (5 total)

   • Mix academic and industry sources.

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✍️ Essay 4: Reward Systems – Dutch vs. US

Aim: Address whether reward systems should be standardized globally or localized.

Structure:

1. Introduction (50–70 words)

   • Aim: explore the cultural tension between global HR standardization and local expectations.

2. Main Body (350–380 words)

   • Apply Equity Theory, Hofstede’s Masculinity & Power Distance, or GLOBE studies.

   • Pros/cons of standardization vs. localization.

   • Advice to Intel: adopt a glocal approach, consider local norms in total rewards strategy.

3. Conclusion (50–70 words)

   • Emphasize tailored fairness over blanket equality.

4. References (5 total)

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✍️ Essay 5: Cultural Metaphor – Your Home Country

(Include 1 image that symbolizes the metaphor, such as “Lion Rock Spirit” for Hong Kong)

Aim: Explain your national culture through a metaphor that reflects its values and behaviors.

Structure:

1. Introduction (50–70 words)

   • Present your metaphor (e.g., “Lion Rock Spirit” for Hong Kong resilience).

2. Main Body (350–380 words)

   • Explain meaning of the metaphor.

   • Link metaphor to cultural values, norms, work ethic, identity.

   • Apply relevant theory (e.g., Hofstede, Trompenaars).

3. Conclusion (50–70 words)

   • Reaffirm how metaphor reflects national cultural traits.

4. References (5 total)

   • Mix of academic and cultural/historical sources.

5. Image Requirement:

   • Add a relevant photo that illustrates the metaphor (e.g., Lion Rock).

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✍️ Essay 6: Personal Cross-Cultural Experience

(Include 1 image related to the experience, e.g., a place, a symbol)

Aim: Reflect on a personal cross-cultural encounter and analyze it using theory.

Structure:

1. Introduction (50–70 words)

   • Briefly describe the encounter and aim to reflect on cultural learning.

2. Main Body (350–380 words)

   • Describe the experience.

   • Apply one or two theories: Cultural Iceberg Model, Hall’s Context, CQ framework.

   • Reflect on what you learned and how it changed your behavior or thinking.

3. Conclusion (50–70 words)

   • Reflect on how this experience will guide future cross-cultural interactions.

4. References (5 total)

   • Include at least 2 academic sources.

5. Image Requirement:

   • Insert a symbolic image related to the experience.

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✅ Final Checklist

• Total word count = 3,000 words (6 essays x 500)

• Each essay has 5 references

• APA 7th style used throughout

• Image included in Essay 5 and 6

• Each essay has its own reference list

• Formal tone with strong academic argumentation

• Submit on Brightspace before 9 May 2025, 15:00

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Would you like me to help draft one of these essays or supply reference suggestions?

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