The “strong culture” school holds that organizations with well-established and

 The “strong culture” school holds that organizations with well-established and clear cultural values perform better; (2) the “adaptive culture” school holds that organizations that can adapt their cultures to environmental changes have a competitive advantage; and (3) the “fit” school holds that a corporate culture’s effectiveness depends on how well it aligns with external and internal environments(Cameron & Quinn, 2011). Leading and Managing Six key leadership and managerial actions create a results-oriented, high-performance organization: communicating clear expectations, empowering employees, providing resources and tools for success, offering training and development, recognizing and rewarding performance, and continuously monitoring and improving processes