Paper 1: Blumenthal-Barby and Burroughs highlight concerns about the presence an

Paper 1: Blumenthal-Barby and Burroughs highlight concerns about the presence and justifiability of manipulation in nudges in medicine and public policy. What is manipulation, on their account, and how does it relate to the two prime values of biomedical ethics? Which three kinds of nudge prompt this kind of worry, and why would each do so? What limitations can maintain the justifiability of certain kinds of manipulative nudges in these contexts? Paper 2: One might think that while the woman may be justified in harming or even killing a child that is a threat (because she has a right to life, and thus a right to self-defense) no third party could ever be justified in assisting because there is no basis upon which to choose. Explain Thomson’s response to this challenge. [There is no need to explain the view itself any further.] Paper 3: Explain the process of decision-making endorsed by such entities as the United Network of Organ Sharing. How does Schneiderman respond to that approach? Paper 4: Why does Callahan think that it would be difficult to write a sufficiently precise law to permit euthanasia? Why does he think that no matter how carefully law is written, abuses would happen and enforcement would be difficult? Paper 5: How does Brock respond to the argument [made by Callahan, although Brock doesn’t mention him by name] that even if euthanasia could be justified in principle, it still could not be accepted as public policy in practice because of the numerous bad consequences that would arise throughout society?