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Social Learning Theory: Bandura’s Bobo Beatdown ExperimentsSprouts
Can We Learn from Others?
Is learning only possible through direct experience, or can we also learn by studying others? Psychologist Albert Bandura conducted an interesting experiment to answer this question and form a theory.
The Social Learning Theory
In the 1960s, during a time dominated by scholars who didn’t believe in Bandura’s idea, he came up with the Social Learning Theory. This theory challenged the prevailing belief that learning was solely the result of classical and operational conditioning.
The Bobo Doll Experiments
To prove that children can learn through observation, Bandura conducted a set of controversial studies known as the Bobo Doll experiments. These experiments involved preschool children, adult models, and a stand-up punch doll.
Experiment Set-upThe children were seated alone in a corner of the room.They observed an adult actor aggressively kicking and scolding the Bobo doll for about 10 minutes.Afterwards, the children were put into a new playroom where another adult deliberately frustrated them by taking away their toys.The frustrated children were then put back into the room with the Bobo doll, and Bandura and his team made the following observations:ObservationsChildren who initially saw the adult punching the doll often copied the behavior.Boys were three times more likely to imitate the behavior.Boys reproduced the behavior twice as often if they observed a man do it compared to boys who observed a female actor.Girls were also more influenced by same-sex models.Effect of Media
Bandura also investigated if movies would have the same effect. He let some children watch the model live, while others watched it on video or as a cartoon animation. All three groups showed similar responses, leading Bandura to conclude that children imitate others regardless of where they have seen the behavior.
Reinforcement and Punishment
In another variation of the experiments, Bandura wanted to know if the children would act differently when the models were reinforced or punished for their behavior towards the doll. The results showed that it didn’t make much of a difference to the children whether the aggressor was praised or not. However, the kids who saw the model being punished displayed much less aggression later, especially girls.
The Social Learning Theory Tenets
Bandura and his coauthor Richard Walters defined five key tenets of the Social Learning Theory:
Learning is a cognitive process that takes place in a social setting.Learning can occur by observing a behavior and its consequences.Learning can happen without an observable change in behavior.Reinforcements play a role but are not entirely responsible for learning.Cognition, behavior, and environment all mutually influence each other in a process called reciprocal determinism.Conclusion
Bandura’s findings were a breakthrough in psychology, and they led to debates about violence in films and games. Some argued for a ban on violence, while others suggested that the Bobo Doll studies showed children are motivated by the desire to please adults or act like them.
Albert Bandura, who initially attended a psychology course just to kill time, became one of the most cited psychologists in history. He believed that most of the images of reality on which we base our actions are really based on vicarious experience.
Your Learning Experience
How much of your learning comes from observing others? Who are your greatest teachers? Share your thoughts in the comments below!
[This and all other Sprouts’ videos are licensed under the Creative Commons. Teachers from all around the world can use them in classrooms, online courses, or to start projects. To learn more and download this video without ads or background music, check out our website or visit our Patreon to support our mission and help change education.]
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Social Learning Theory: Bandura’s Bobo Beatdown ExperimentsSprouts
Can learning only happen through direct experience?
No, learning can also occur by studying others. Psychologist Albert Bandura conducted an experiment to demonstrate this.
What is the Social Learning Theory?
The Social Learning Theory is a theory proposed by Bandura in the 1960s. It challenges the belief that learning is solely the result of conditioning.
What were the Bobo Doll experiments?
The Bobo Doll experiments were a set of controversial studies conducted by Bandura to prove that children can learn through observation.
What were the observations made in the Bobo Doll experiments?
Some observations made during the experiments include: children imitating aggressive behavior they witnessed, boys being more likely to imitate such behavior, and girls being influenced by same-sex models.
Did Bandura investigate the effect of media on imitation?
Yes, Bandura investigated if movies would have the same effect. He found that children imitated the behavior regardless of whether they saw it live, on video, or as a cartoon animation.
Did reinforcement and punishment affect the children’s behavior?
In a variation of the experiments, Bandura found that reinforcement or punishment of the models didn’t make much of a difference. However, children who saw the models being punished displayed less aggression later.
What are the key tenets of the Social Learning Theory?
The key tenets of the Social Learning Theory defined by Bandura and Walters are: learning takes place in a social setting, learning can occur by observing behavior and its consequences, learning can happen without a visible change in behavior, reinforcements play a role but are not solely responsible for learning, and cognition, behavior, and environment influence each other in reciprocal determinism.
What was the impact of Bandura’s findings?
Bandura’s findings sparked debates about violence in films and games. Some argued for banning violence, while others suggested that children are motivated by the desire to please adults or act like them.
How much of our learning comes from observing others?
The passage doesn’t specifically provide data on this question.
Who are the greatest teachers?
The passage doesn’t provide information on who the greatest teachers are, but it invites readers to share their thoughts in the comments.
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Social Learning Theory: Bandura’s Bobo Beatdown Experiments
Sprouts
Can We Learn from Others?
The Social Learning Theory
The Bobo Doll Experiments
Experiment Set-up:The children were seated alone in a corner of the room.
They observed an adult actor aggressively kicking and scolding the Bobo doll for about 10 minutes.
Afterwards, the children were put into a new playroom where another adult deliberately frustrated them by taking away their toys.
The frustrated children were then put back into the room with the Bobo doll, and Bandura and his team made the following observations:
Observations:Children who initially saw the adult punching the doll often copied the behavior.
Boys were three times more likely to imitate the behavior.
Boys reproduced the behavior twice as often if they observed a man do it compared to boys who observed a female actor.
Girls were also more influenced by same-sex models.
Effect of Media
Reinforcement and Punishment
The Social Learning Theory Tenets:Learning is a cognitive process that takes place in a social setting.
Learning can occur by observing a behavior and its consequences.
Learning can happen without an observable change in behavior.
Reinforcements play a role but are not entirely responsible for learning.
Cognition, behavior, and environment all mutually influence each other in a process called reciprocal determinism.
Conclusion
Your Learning Experience
Can learning only happen through direct experience?
No, learning can also occur by studying others. Psychologist Albert Bandura conducted an experiment to demonstrate this.
What is the Social Learning Theory?
The Social Learning Theory is a theory proposed by Bandura in the 1960s. It challenges the belief that learning is solely the result of conditioning.
What were the Bobo Doll experiments?
The Bobo Doll experiments were a set of controversial studies conducted by Bandura to prove that children can learn through observation.
What were the observations made in the Bobo Doll experiments?
Some observations made during the experiments include: children imitating aggressive behavior they witnessed, boys being more likely to imitate such behavior, and girls being influenced by same-sex models.
Did Bandura investigate the effect of media on imitation?
Yes, Bandura investigated if movies would have the same effect. He found that children imitated the behavior regardless of whether they saw it live, on video, or as a cartoon animation.
Did reinforcement and punishment affect the children’s behavior?
In a variation of the experiments, Bandura found that reinforcement or punishment of the models didn’t make much of a difference. However, children who saw the models being punished displayed less aggression later.
What are the key tenets of the Social Learning Theory?
The key tenets of the Social Learning Theory defined by Bandura and Walters are: learning takes place in a social setting, learning can occur by observing behavior and its consequences, learning can happen without a visible change in behavior, reinforcements play a role but are not solely responsible for learning, and cognition, behavior, and environment influence each other in reciprocal determinism.
What was the impact of Bandura’s findings?
Bandura’s findings sparked debates about violence in films and games. Some argued for banning violence, while others suggested that children are motivated by the desire to please adults or act like them.
How much of our learning comes from observing others?
The passage doesn’t specifically provide data on this question.
Who are the greatest teachers?
The passage doesn’t provide information on who the greatest teachers are, but it invites readers to share their thoughts in the comments.
How would you rate this summary?
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