Assignment

Purpose
One of the important outcomes from the course is that upon completion, students familiarize themselves with the usage of terminology and research associated with Human Physiology. Through reviewing research articles and constructing a written summary, you will gain exposure to terminology of microbiology in its application in the “real-world” setting.
Assignment
This module includes a written assignment on a topic of your own choice that reviews research and provides the student’s own summary and understanding of what that research tells us. You may select any module specific topic that is based upon any material presented in the textbook. The article that you are summarizing must be a peer-edited article (not a website, magazine, etc.). Plagiarism of any sort will not be tolerated.
Instructions
The 1-page summary should reflect independent student research on the topic chosen and include the following:
Summary must be single spaced, in 12-point, Times New Roman font.
Summary must include the following sections: objectives, methods, results, and conclusions.
Include a reference page in APA format.
Summary must be submitted by 11:59 p.m. EST on the day they are due.
BIO 226 Summary Example
Abstract
Objective
Acute otitis media (AOM), also known as middle ear infection, are very common is young
children, ranging from around two through five years, with about 80% having had one before the
age of two. “Globally, it’s been estimated that 709 million cases occur each year with 51% of
these being in under-fives” (Wilson, Wilson 2021). The primary symptoms of AOM are
earache, fever, vomiting, a lack of energy and slight hearing loss. In infants it is different because
they cannot speak, with them symptoms look like, fever, vomiting, pulling, tugging and/or
rubbing of their ear, possibly irritable, not feeding well, restless at night, runny nose, or not
responding to quiet sounds. “AOM is usually preceded by a viral infection of the upper
respiratory tract, and it’s been shown that 37% of such infections are followed by AOM, usually
2–5 days later” (Wilson, Wilson, 2021). There are several viruses that could have caused the
infection, yet most often it is due to one of the following, human metapneumovirus, enterovirus,
parainfluenza virus, influenza virus, bocavirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus,
adenovirus, coronavirus. RSV is the most common in infants, symptoms most often start clearing
two to three days after infection. Once a virus has shown up it creates inflammation in the
nasopharynx and the eustachian tube, which are connected to each other, this essentially creates
the perfect environment for bacteria growth. Roughly five percent of AOM cases are viral
infections.
Methods
In order to be diagnosed you must go to the doctors. They will examine the ear using an otoscope
to gain viewing access to the inside of the ear, they are looking for bulging, red, or opaque ear
drum. If there is any discharge, they will collect a sample to be sent off to the laboratory for
culturing to distinguish what kind of bacteria, if any, to prescribe the correct antibiotics. Viral
infections do not need antibiotics prescribed to them, because they are ineffective for viral
infections.
Results
Treatment for AOM is simple, if it is a viral infection there is not much that can be done, you
must let the virus “run its course”, but to help alleviate the symptoms, ibuprofen and a hot
compress on the infected ear works well. If the culture comes back positive, then the doctor will
prescribe an antibiotic to clear up the infection. Ibuprofen and a hot compress in addition to the
antibiotics to help the person to eb more comfortable. These infections do not typically last more
than a week, if it does, you need to consult the doctor, again.
Conclusion
AOM are common in young children roughly ages two through six. Adults do not typically get
AOM unless they have underlying issues such as HIV or immunocompromised. The symptoms
of the infection typically last about two to three days, whether it is a viral or bacterial infection
the duration is about the same. Bacterial infections will be prescribed antibiotics. Other than the
pain and irritation it is over all an unharmful infection.
Bibliography
Wilson M., Wilson P.J.K. (2021) Middle Ear Infections. In: Close Encounters of the
Microbia l Kind. Springer, Cham. https://doi. org/10. 1007/978-3-030-56978-5_ 16