For two out of the following three questions, prepare a 1500 – 1700-word paper f

For two out of the following three questions, prepare a 1500 – 1700-word paper for each answer (approx. 6-7 pages double spaced). Your answers should be submitted in electronic form – as a Word document or PDF file . A paper copy is not required. 
In order to show your understanding of the material, you must explicitly draw on the course readings, and where appropriate the lecture and other course-related material, covered during the semester. No additional research is expected to complete the exam. The appropriate and significant use of literature read for the course, the depth and rigour of the analysis, and the clarity of expression are among the most important criteria that will be used in assessing your answers. All references to the readings or other course material should use a standard format for citations, bibliography and (as needed) footnotes/endnotes. All pages on the take-home should be numbered. The exam is worth 30% of the final mark.
1.    Discuss the impact of the New Public Management on Canadian public administration. It has been suggested that many of its features were anticipated and even muted by the implementation of the Glassco report – do you agree? Where do you see NPM’s influence currently? Is there a sense in which it has been superseded, and if so by what? What are the drivers and likely directions of administrative reform going forward – in that context, what are the likely enduring features of the NPM reforms?
2.    Based on Canadian experience with administrative reform, what advice would you give to a visiting researcher from the United Nations Development Program seeking best practices with respect to strengthening the administrative capacity and democratic responsiveness of public management institutions? What does the reform tool kit look like from a policy instrument choice perspective? Discuss three lessons (positive or negative) from Canadian experience that you believe should be part of any reform initiative. From an international learning perspective, what have been the critical junctures in Canadian administrative development? What are the pressure points for the future?
3.    It has been suggested that the most important administrative reform agenda, both currently and in the foreseeable future, is with respect to Canada’s Indigenous communities. Do you agree? What in your view are the components of such an agenda? Are the Indian Act and the administrative institutions related to it part of the problem or part of the solution? What are the principles that should guide reform in this complex area? Who should be involved?  How would you propose moving forward?