Category: Biology (and other Life Sciences)

Overview
In previous modules, you identified an issue, developed a research question, and examined sources that could help you explore the issue. You also considered the scientific principles related to your topic, and how you might communicate your findings to a specific audience. Building on these elements, you will formulate a hypothesis related to your issue. Then, applying what you learned about the process of science, you will explain the next steps that natural scientists would take to support or refute your hypothesis. What kind of evidence would they look for? What kind of tests they need to conduct? Throughout this course, you explored a variety of specific cases in which natural scientists addressed issues, tested hypotheses, and developed solutions to problems. Many of their solutions have become key discoveries that we rely on today for health, safety, and other practical uses. So, as you consider your hypothesis and the next steps a scientist would take, reflect back on these examples. This reflection is the final piece of your planning document, and you will use it to develop your presentation in Module 8.
Prompt
You will build on the elements you composed in your first draft and develop your hypothesis. After you have your hypothesis, explain what steps a natural scientist would take to either refute or support your hypothesis. By the end of Module Six, you will fine tune the entire planning document to be submitted to your instructor.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:
Introduction: At this point, you should have received feedback from your instructor. For this second draft, review and make any necessary revisions or adjustments to the following elements:
Describe the issue in the natural sciences that you have selected to investigate. Why is this issue significant? (You identified this issue in Module One, but how would you revise this piece now that you have received instructor feedback and investigated your sources?)
Describe at least three science resources that you could use to investigate the issue you selected. Your sources must be relevant to your issue and must be of an academic nature appropriate for the issue. In your description, consider questions such as: What are the similarities and differences in the content of your sources? What makes them appropriate and relevant for investigating your issue? What was your thought process when you were searching for sources? How did you make choices?
Based on your review of science resources, develop a specific question related to the issue you selected. In other words, what would you like to know more about?
Body: You should also receive instructor feedback about this section and continue to consider your evidence. For this second draft, review these sections and make any necessary revisions or adjustments to the following elements:
Identify an audience that would be interested in your issue and the question you developed. For example, who would benefit most from hearing your message, or who could best help in addressing the issue?
Describe how and why you can tailor your message to your audience, providing specific examples. For example, will your audience understand scientific terminology and principles, or will you need to explain them? How will you communicate effectively with your audience?
Identify the natural science principle(s) that apply to your question and issue. For example, if your issue is global climate change, the principle you might identify is that the sun is the primary source of energy for Earth’s climate system.
Explain how the principle(s) you identified apply to your issue and question. In other words, how are the natural science principle(s) you identified relevant to your question and issue?
Conclusion: In this section, you will conclude your research investigation by discussing future directions for research related to your question. Specifically, you should:
Formulate a hypothesis that addresses the question you developed. Make sure your hypothesis is based on your investigation of your question.
Explain how a natural scientist would go about collecting evidence to support or refute the hypothesis you formulated. In other words, what would the next steps be if a natural scientist were to continue researching your hypothesis? Make sure to support your response with the natural science resources that you selected.
Provide a reference list that includes all of the science resources you used to investigate your issue and question so far. Apply feedback from your instructor to ensure that your list is formatted according to current APA guidelines (or another format, with instructor permission).
What to Submit
The second draft of your planning document should be 3–5 pages, double spaced, with 12-point Times New Roman font and one-inch margins. You should use current APA guidelines (or another format approved by your instructor) for your citations and reference list.
TO WRITER: I have included my first draft and i have included the correction of my professor to it, please see my professor’s notes and corrections on the paper to have an idea of what she wants before starting to write, my topic is Electric cars.

Read about the Five I’s in Microbiology. (Inoculation, Incubation, Isolation, Inspection, and Identification)
Building on the concept of the 5 I’s, search for a current or past infectious disease in the news.
In a one to two-page paper:
Examine how the Five I’s of Microbiology are being applied to your infectious disease.
Research which of the Five I’s may be the most difficult to complete.
Provide an explanation for your reasoning.
Read about Eukaryotic and Viral cells and their life cycle in your textbook.
Describe the life cycle for Eukaryotic cells
Describe the life cycle of a viral cell.
Discuss the composition of each of the cellular structures and what their molecules are used for.
Compare and contrast the life cycles of each of the cells.
Identify any advantages or disadvantages of each of the organism’s life cycles.
As with other structures and functions within cells, evolution has driven the metabolic processes. This has created both unique processes in organisms and universal key characteristics.
Viewing metabolism through the lens of evolution, answer the following questions in a 2-3 page paper:
Propose a hypothesis of how these processes evolved. What evidence did you use to propose this evolution? Defend your hypothesis.
Identify universal characteristics across organisms that utilize each process in the metabolic pathways. For each characteristic/structure, explain what properties these characteristics/structures have that make them useful across organism types. Then, explain why the amphibolic pathways of metabolism are advantageous for the cells that utilize the full spectrum.
Next, identify unique characteristics or pathways that specialized cells use to create their own version of the metabolic processes. Looking at archaea can help identify these variations in the process. After identifying these changed characteristics or pathways compare these to the “normal” characteristics and pathways, determining why each organism utilizes their specific one and not the other.
Finally, hypothesize about future evolutionary changes that may be observed.
Comments from Customer
there’s no textbook, it would have to be done without it; I uploaded it to PowerPoint let me know if that helps.
The customer insisted that you should fit in 1 page.

Part 1: Primary Post (Read the information and watch the video in Part 1 and answer the questions in Part 2)
Watch this video first and then write up your discussion
Hybridizing with extinct species: George Church at TEDxDeExtinctionLinks to an external site.

Hybridizing with extinct species: George Church at TEDxDeExtinction
Scenario: Cloning
Cloning can have multiple meanings and conjures up images of Sci-Fi movies where humans are cloned relatively quickly in the laboratory and appear as adults with the same abilities, memories, etc. as the person whose cell(s) were used to provide the genetic information. Of course, in reality, clones would start as a single cell and would have to go through the same stages of embryonic development and growth to adulthood that you did.
Useful Links:
Cloning fact sheet from ORNL
https://web.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/map.shtmlLinks to an external site.
https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/5-reasons-to-bring-back-extinct-animals-and-5-reasons-not-toLinks to an external site.
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/the-big-question-could-cloning-be-the-answer-to-saving-endangered-species-from-extinction-1543657.html (Links to an external site.)
Part 2: Your Discussion – Secondary Post Discuss and explore the scientific, moral, and ethical aspects of whole animal cloning. You will take on the role of consultants who has been hired to “sell” the idea of a park called ‘Preservation Land’ to rich investors. At this park, endangered and extinct animals will be cloned and put on display and used to restock wild populations. 1. General Introduction: Start off the meeting with the investors by explaining the steps involved with using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) for whole animal cloning. You may want to use Dolly the sheep as a successful example.
2. Can cloning help to save endangered species?: At the end of your introductory presentation, one of investors asks whether this has been done yet with endangered animals and if there are any potential drawbacks to using this process for preserving or restocking endangered animals. Below, relate what you would tell the investors about successful attempts to clone endangered animals, as well as the pros and cons of the use of cloning to help reverse species loss.
3. Cloning of extinct animals: One of the potential investors says that she had heard that wooly mammoths could be brought back from extinction. Below, document the basic steps it takes to theoretically clone an extinct animal that you would make the potential investors aware of. Also, note the problems that have emerged with the cloning of endangered and extinct animals, especially when forced to use surrogate mothers of a different species.
4. Human cloning: After your presentation, one very interested investor takes you aside and asks if this could be done with humans. He has a terminally ill child and wants to clone this child. Note the ethical issues associated with cloning humans that you would inform the potential investor about and how you would explain to the investor the similarities and differences that would exist between the clone and the child he has now. Do these cloned animals cause changes to humans if we happened to eat them, like cloning cows?
You must include the exact reference to the article in APA format and URL. The article should be from a reputable source such as a college, university, government agency, scientific journal, research institution, etc.. Please see the Plagiarism section in the syllabus.

1) What are the effects on humans from the increasing use of antibiotics animal feed
2) Risks vs rewards for humans

Part 1: Primary Post (Read the information and watch the video in Part 1 and answer the questions in Part 2)
Watch this video first and then write up your discussion
Hybridizing with extinct species: George Church at TEDxDeExtinctionLinks to an external site.

Hybridizing with extinct species: George Church at TEDxDeExtinction
Scenario: Cloning
Cloning can have multiple meanings and conjures up images of Sci-Fi movies where humans are cloned relatively quickly in the laboratory and appear as adults with the same abilities, memories, etc. as the person whose cell(s) were used to provide the genetic information. Of course, in reality, clones would start as a single cell and would have to go through the same stages of embryonic development and growth to adulthood that you did.
Useful Links:
Cloning fact sheet from ORNL
https://web.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/map.shtmlLinks to an external site.
https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/5-reasons-to-bring-back-extinct-animals-and-5-reasons-not-toLinks to an external site.
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/the-big-question-could-cloning-be-the-answer-to-saving-endangered-species-from-extinction-1543657.html (Links to an external site.)
Part 2: Your Discussion – Secondary Post
Discuss and explore the scientific, moral, and ethical aspects of whole animal cloning. You will take on the role of consultants who has been hired to “sell” the idea of a park called ‘Preservation Land’ to rich investors. At this park, endangered and extinct animals will be cloned and put on display and used to restock wild populations.
1. General Introduction: Start off the meeting with the investors by explaining the steps involved with using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) for whole animal cloning. You may want to use Dolly the sheep as a successful example.
2. Can cloning help to save endangered species?: At the end of your introductory presentation, one of investors asks whether this has been done yet with endangered animals and if there are any potential drawbacks to using this process for preserving or restocking endangered animals. Below, relate what you would tell the investors about successful attempts to clone endangered animals, as well as the pros and cons of the use of cloning to help reverse species loss.
3. Cloning of extinct animals: One of the potential investors says that she had heard that wooly mammoths could be brought back from extinction. Below, document the basic steps it takes to theoretically clone an extinct animal that you would make the potential investors aware of. Also, note the problems that have emerged with the cloning of endangered and extinct animals, especially when forced to use surrogate mothers of a different species.
4. Human cloning: After your presentation, one very interested investor takes you aside and asks if this could be done with humans. He has a terminally ill child and wants to clone this child. Note the ethical issues associated with cloning humans that you would inform the potential investor about and how you would explain to the investor the similarities and differences that would exist between the clone and the child he has now. Do these cloned animals cause changes to humans if we happened to eat them, like cloning cows?
You must include the exact reference to the article in APA format and URL. The article should be from a reputable source such as a college, university, government agency, scientific journal, research institution, etc.. Please see the Plagiarism section in the syllabus.

1) What are the effects on humans from the increasing use of antibiotics animal feed
2) Risks vs rewards for humans

please just do the handout as it is simple instructions fill in the charts already there and answer the questions with nothing less and not much extra pretty easy I don’t want to stress over this and I need a good grade so please follow all instructions, the DATA_ASSIGNMENT for the specific file you must analyze is the attachment called 12. gen I believe I over payed for pages as it shouldn’t take more than 2 pages to answer all the questions and added 3 charts just so you don’t contact me later asking me to pay extra to add them even those you just need to fill the existing chart so please if you don’t see your self capable of getting at minimum a B grade just don’t do it and assign it to another expert or give me a refund ill do it myself thanks in advance

Complete lab with the instructions shown.
Unknown is also atached, do the measurements and questions in th manual.

Introduction
Welcome to the Testing the Nervous System Assignment. This assignment will cover the brain and spinal cord. For this assignment, you will investigate a case and answer the corresponding questions.
Remember to view the assignment rubric (see below) before completing the assignment.
Assignment Instructions
Read the Testing the Nervous System case study.
Answer each question and create a report for the case study.
Which of the test results indicated a central nervous system injury and why?
Which of the test results indicated a peripheral nervous system injury and why?
Are there any cranial nerves involved? Describe which cranial nerves could be involved.
Explain why the reflexes were hyperactive and the Babinski reflex was present.
Your report must be a minimum of 300 words.
All answers should be in your own words and typed neatly using appropriate grammar, spelling, punctuation, and APA style.
Include APA citations when necessary.
Must be submitted as a Word file.
Submit to your instructor by 11:59 PM on the date listed in the course schedule.
Notes
Do not include/rewrite the questions in the assignment.
Your submission must have a Turnitin similarity score of less than 20%. Remember you have 3 submissions before the due date to check your score.
Submissions greater than 20% will risk point deductions, and you may be reported to Administration for academic discipline.
Case Study
The case is based on a case from the National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science and modified/rewritten by Dr. Bruce Forciea.
Dr. Mary Smith and Dr. Ashley Peters were beginning their ER residency at ACME Memorial Hospital. They had been close friends throughout medical school and were looking forward to helping each other through the challenges of clinical work. They had just completed a 16-hour shift and were sitting down to enjoy a cup of bitter vending machine coffee when Nurse Cassidy burst into the break room.
“I wouldn’t get too comfortable,” said nurse Cassidy. “A call just came in; paramedics are bringing in a 19-year-old male with neuro injuries. Better drink up and get back to the ER.”
The young doctors intercepted the paramedics wheeling in the teen. His eyes were wide open, and he struggled to speak with the neck brace anchoring his head.
“19-year-old male, BP 100/70, pulse 102 bpm, respirations elevated, conscious and alert. A head wound with significant loss of blood. Motorcycle versus car accident. Friends called 911. Loss of consciousness at the scene, loss of sensation and movement in right upper and lower extremities. We immobilized and stabilized him at the scene.”
“So, what do you think?” said Dr. Smith. “I think we should rule out central nervous system/brain injury first?” said Dr. Peters.
“Actually, I disagree,” said Dr. Peters. “I think we should evaluate the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system first.”
“We’ll do both,” said Dr. Smith. “Let’s get going.”
The following table summarizes the findings of the evaluation, which included a physical exam, x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neurological tests.
Table 1. Summary of Diagnostic Testing for ER Patient
Sensory Testing
Decreased sensation to touch, pressure, and vibration in the right upper/lower extremities
Decreased temperature discrimination (cold vs. warm) in the left upper/lower extremities
Numbness on the right cheek
Motor Testing
Decreased strength and movement of the right upper/lower extremities during muscle testing
Absence of triceps and biceps reflexes in the right upper extremity
Numbness on the medial portion of the right hand and forearm
Abnormal response of patellar, Achilles (hyper) reflexes in the right lower extremity
Positive Babinski sign on the right foot
Inability of patient to turn head to the right along with weak right trapezius muscle
Weakness of right masseter muscle
Mild blurred vision
General Examination
Abnormal pupil response of right eye (constriction)
Other vital signs within normal limits
Cognitive testing normal (counts backward from 100 by 7s; knows name, date, place)
X-ray and MRI Examination
No fractures were present in the skull
Fracture in the 7th cervical vertebra
Significant swelling present in the spinal canal in the C7-T2 region
Spinal cord appears to be intact

Introduction
Welcome to the Testing the Nervous System Assignment. This assignment will cover the brain and spinal cord. For this assignment, you will investigate a case and answer the corresponding questions.
Remember to view the assignment rubric (see below) before completing the assignment.
Assignment Instructions
Read the Testing the Nervous System case study.
Answer each question and create a report for the case study.
Which of the test results indicated a central nervous system injury and why?
Which of the test results indicated a peripheral nervous system injury and why?
Are there any cranial nerves involved? Describe which cranial nerves could be involved.
Explain why the reflexes were hyperactive and the Babinski reflex was present.
Your report must be a minimum of 300 words.
All answers should be in your own words and typed neatly using appropriate grammar, spelling, punctuation, and APA style.
Include APA citations when necessary.
Must be submitted as a Word file.
Submit to your instructor by 11:59 PM on the date listed in the course schedule.
Notes
Do not include/rewrite the questions in the assignment.
Your submission must have a Turnitin similarity score of less than 20%. Remember you have 3 submissions before the due date to check your score.
Submissions greater than 20% will risk point deductions, and you may be reported to Administration for academic discipline.
Case Study
The case is based on a case from the National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science and modified/rewritten by Dr. Bruce Forciea.
Dr. Mary Smith and Dr. Ashley Peters were beginning their ER residency at ACME Memorial Hospital. They had been close friends throughout medical school and were looking forward to helping each other through the challenges of clinical work. They had just completed a 16-hour shift and were sitting down to enjoy a cup of bitter vending machine coffee when Nurse Cassidy burst into the break room.
“I wouldn’t get too comfortable,” said nurse Cassidy. “A call just came in; paramedics are bringing in a 19-year-old male with neuro injuries. Better drink up and get back to the ER.”
The young doctors intercepted the paramedics wheeling in the teen. His eyes were wide open, and he struggled to speak with the neck brace anchoring his head.
“19-year-old male, BP 100/70, pulse 102 bpm, respirations elevated, conscious and alert. A head wound with significant loss of blood. Motorcycle versus car accident. Friends called 911. Loss of consciousness at the scene, loss of sensation and movement in right upper and lower extremities. We immobilized and stabilized him at the scene.”
“So, what do you think?” said Dr. Smith. “I think we should rule out central nervous system/brain injury first?” said Dr. Peters.
“Actually, I disagree,” said Dr. Peters. “I think we should evaluate the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system first.”
“We’ll do both,” said Dr. Smith. “Let’s get going.”
The following table summarizes the findings of the evaluation, which included a physical exam, x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neurological tests.
Table 1. Summary of Diagnostic Testing for ER Patient
Sensory Testing
Decreased sensation to touch, pressure, and vibration in the right upper/lower extremities
Decreased temperature discrimination (cold vs. warm) in the left upper/lower extremities
Numbness on the right cheek
Motor Testing
Decreased strength and movement of the right upper/lower extremities during muscle testing
Absence of triceps and biceps reflexes in the right upper extremity
Numbness on the medial portion of the right hand and forearm
Abnormal response of patellar, Achilles (hyper) reflexes in the right lower extremity
Positive Babinski sign on the right foot
Inability of patient to turn head to the right along with weak right trapezius muscle
Weakness of right masseter muscle
Mild blurred vision
General Examination
Abnormal pupil response of right eye (constriction)
Other vital signs within normal limits
Cognitive testing normal (counts backward from 100 by 7s; knows name, date, place)
X-ray and MRI Examination
No fractures were present in the skull
Fracture in the 7th cervical vertebra
Significant swelling present in the spinal canal in the C7-T2 region
Spinal cord appears to be intact