Category: Law : Criminal Justice

In no less than 200 words, explain how are elections won? In other words, what distinguishes candidates who win from those who lose? Have these factors changed over time? Are the current factors that influence electoral outcomes positive or negative for a democratic society? Explain and provide examples.

This assignment will be submitted to Turnitin™.Instructions
MAJOR REQUIREMENTS FOR YOUR PAPER ASSIGNMENTS
Please write an essay/paper of 2/3 pages (excluding cover, title, abstract, references …etc) on any topic discussed in chapters 6 or 7 of our course text. Your paper must relate DIRECTLY to chapter 6 or 7. If you are in doubt, please consult the Instructor. Please comply with all of the following major requirements: 
1. Please use a cover page for your written assignments, papers and projects.
2. Have an appropriate title for your work please
3. Also, please use an abstract for your assignments. Among other things, an abstract is basically a summary of your work and helps summarize and introduce your work at the initial time. It also gradually leads your readers into your work. It is part of APA and required to be about 150-250 words (class abstracts can be shorter). Your abstract should be on a page by itself immediately after your cover page – with the title or sub-title “Abstract” centered on top of your abstract.
4. Your paper should have a problem statement section or an introduction. This is the place where you articulate the “why” or the reason or the problem or concern or lacuna why you are writing your paper. For example, what gap in the law are you trying to highlight or solve? If there is no problem or concern, why write? Please see SAMPLE Statements of the problem or Introductions in the Course Material Folder.
5. Please make your conclusions a little bit more visible – you can use a pointer like “In conclusions … etc” or you can use a sub-title “Conclusions.”
6. Please use paragraphs in almost everything you write – use paragraphs as appropriate to organize your points and also to help make your work more reader-friendly.
7. Please try to meet the minimum page/word requirement – please use it to showcase your research and writing skills. Remember that the minimum page does NOT include your cover page, your abstract and your list of references.
8. Please remember to use APA in-text citations to support your work so readers may not think that you are speculating or guessing. There is NO minimum number of citations required. There are TWO requirements in supporting your work in the APA writing style (1) in-text citations and (2) list of references. These two requirements are needed!! This is the requirement at college level all over the world.
9. A list of references is required as this goes hand in hand with your in-text citations. A list of references is required. This is DIFFERENT from in-text citations.
10. Remember to arrange your list of references in alphabetical order.
11. Please use your own words. Although I am definitely not accusing anyone of anything, please note that I review your Turn-It-In Originality Report. Please note that your work should be 99.99% your own words. As you know, you can borrow ideas from any source but you must (a) summarize them in your own words AND (b) cite your sources. Please let me know if you need further assistance moving forward.
12. Please use subtitles or sub-headings like “Introduction, Methodology, Conclusions, Findings, Suggestions, Recommendations … etc” to help organize your thoughts and also to help make your work more reader-friendly. Please note that the particular subheadings you use depend on the topic you are writing but I want you to use subheadings or subtitles in your work. Among other things, using subheadings immediately makes it clearer which of the major requirements of the assignment you covered – just by quickly reviewing your sub-headings or sub-titles. It also lets you get creative and innovative by the types of subheadings you use.
13. Please note that your title/subject matter must be related to this class. If in doubt, please contact the Instructor.
14. Relate your discussion to the real-world and please use vivid examples where appropriate.
15.  Please use double spacing – APA supports double spacing
16. What are the policy implications of your work? This is same thing as suggestions you have on how to improve things. Policy implication is also referred to as Reform Implications or Crime Control Implications.
17. What suggestions do you have based on the policy implications of your work?
18. Please submit as an ATTACHMENT in the drop box on or BEFORE the due date/time.
19. xxx deleted
20.  Microsoft Word is recommended. 
21. Avoid or minimize using direct quotes “….” at this time please but rather (a) summarize the information in your own words and (b) cite your sources.
22. Avoid numbering the items in your list of references – just arrange them in alphabetical order.
23. Each work must be original to this class and to each particular assignment – no use of prior work. 
24. Please submit your work as ONE FILE only – please do not upload parts of your work (like cover page, abstract, or other … etc) separately! Upload everything as just ONE file
25. Please do not upload BLANK document (receives a zero!) and remember it is your full responsibility to be sure your work uploaded – re-log in and check or talk to Technical Support if you are in doubt.
26.  Let me know if you have any questions or concerns. Thanks and good luck. 
27. Please note that you must explore the “Policy Implications” of your work. You can do this last as in “Conclusions AND Policy Implications.”  Please always end your work with a subheading like “Conclusions AND Policy Implications.” This is where you summarize or itemize your “conclusions” and then proceed to suggestions/recommendations BASED on your work or on your conclusions. So each assignment must have suggestions or what you recommend BASED on that particular work. Please see my post on the announcement page on this.

Conduct a rearch on the Internet to lear more about how are law enforcement officers expected to identify and place individuals under the Baker Act and Marchman Act accordingly. What are the guidelines for missing person (Amber and Silver alerts). must contain an explanation of the Baker and Marchman acts

Discuss the issue of eyewitness evidence, the leading U.S. Court cases concerning the admissibility of eyewitness identifications, and recent suggestions for improving their accuracy.

Overview: The purpose of this assignment is to receive feedback on a rough draft of the research paper. The rough draft does not need to be fully completed, but the more that is complete the more feedback you will receive on the content and direction of the paper. Instructions: Prepare a rough draft of the research paper, including a minimum: • Paper structure in APA format • Abstract • 3 pages of content, including in-text citations and references. • Reference Page Requirements: • Submit a Word document in APA format. • Maximum ten pages in length, excluding the Title and Reference pages. • At least two resources.

During Unit 1, you chose a story (Baldwin, “Sonny’s Blues”; Faulkner, “Barn Burning”; Oates, “Where are you going, Where have you been?”) and wrote a thesis statement and a first paragraph. Now, you have read further about the theme of a work of fiction. You are ready to write a short paper on your chosen story. Follow this process:
Step 1: Review
Re-read your first paragraph about your chosen work of short fiction, keeping the material from Ch. 6 on theme in mind. As you see, the “main idea” of the story is its theme, and this new information may lead you to revise your first paragraph.
Step 2: Draft
Write a brief typed, double-spaced 700- to 1,050-word paper on your chosen story, including:
Your revised first paragraph. Remember that your thesis statement tells the reader about the main idea of the story (its theme) and mentions an important literary technique (point of view, characterization, setting, or symbol) that contributed to your understanding of that theme.
Three or more middle paragraphs explaining the contribution of the literary technique to the story. Be specific. Use quotations and details from the story to demonstrate your point. It might be a good idea to choose a significant incident from the beginning of the story, one from the middle, and one from the end. Use no outside sources.
A final paragraph that restates your ideas and explains why the story matters to you.
Step 3: Revise
Proofread your paper carefully and correct any spelling and grammatical errors.
Note: If you quote or refer to anything in the textbook or other material posted in the course, consult “Using APA Style to Cite a Literary Source,” posted under Course Resources on the home page, and cite appropriately.
Submit the file containing your final polished draft to your instructor.

Anthony Townsend Kronman of the Yale Law School writes:
If judges are legislators and not adjudicators who are merely applying the rules they have been authorized to apply in the cases that come before them, what is it that gives their decisions legitimacy or authority? (Kronman, 1986)
Take a position. Do you agree or disagree that judges should be allowed discretion in sentencing?
First, title your post either “Judicial Discretion Should Be Allowed” or “Judges Should Always Follow Sentencing Guidelines.”
Then, using the information gained in this module and the resources noted above, make your case. What are the strengths and weaknesses associated with this issue? What do you believe to be most important in the matter of justice: complete judicial discretion or required oversight by the sentencing guidelines? Be sure to build your case with factual resources.
In your response to your peers, consider how well they justified their position, making use of available resources. Consider the following questions in your response posts:
Did they support their position convincingly using appropriate resources?
Which of their points make the most sense to you, even if you made your case for the opposing viewpoint?
Reference
Kronman, A. T. (1986). “The problem of judicial discretion.” Faculty Scholarship Series 1063, p. 486. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/fss_papers/1063

Competency
In this project, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following competency:
Explain the processes and procedures used in courts
Scenario
You are a Community Outreach Coordinator for your local chapter of the National Criminal Justice Association (NCJA). A recent study found that people in your area are often unsure of court processes, procedures, and outcomes. As a result, they often are not able to make informed decisions at this critical time in their lives. Using this published research, you have applied for and been awarded a small grant to create community outreach materials to educate the public about court processes.
Directions
The community outreach materials you create should show your knowledge of the following criteria. A template and other possible presentation formats are included in the Supporting Materials section.
Describe how a defendant moves through the criminal justice system from arrest to sentencing. In 150 words, address movement from one step of the process to the next for each of the following:
Arrest
Arraignment
Pretrial hearing
Bail
Trial
Verdict
Sentencing
Appeal
Describe alternative processes and their impact on the criminal court system. In 150 words, address each of the following:
Plea bargains
Restorative justice principles
Describe the function of juries in the trial process. In 150 words, address each of the following:
Civil cases
a)How is this type of jury selected?
b)What is the responsibility of this type of jury?
Criminal cases
a)How is this type of jury selected?
b)What is the responsibility of this type of jury?
Describe the impact of specific sentencing guidelines. In 150 words, address each of the following:
a)Why do sentencing guidelines exist?
b)Identify 2–3 examples of sentencing guidelines.
c)Describe the effects of each of the sentence guidelines you identified.
What to Submit
To complete this project, you must submit the following:
Educational Material
For this project, choose the format that works best for you. Please note there is no requirement related to the way you show your knowledge, as long as you meet the rubric requirements by following the directions.
We have created the following optional template to aid you in completing this project:
Project Two Template Word Document
If you prefer to create different community outreach materials, consider creating one of the following:
Infographic (See the Supporting Materials section.)
Video for a website
Other handout
If you choose from the above list, make sure your format can include all of the rubric requirements explained in detail in the Directions section.
Supporting Materials
The following resource(s) may help support your work on the project:
Project Two Template Word Document
This template can be used to create your community outreach materials.
Website: Piktochart
This website can be used to easily make an infographic or visual

*Search the Internet and research a problem-solving court (i.e. drug court, veterans court, teen court, re-entry court or homeless court).
Discuss at least one criminological theory that serves as a foundation for the specialty court you selected?
*Does music, TV shows and films that glorify drug usage, encourage youths to use drugs and/or engage in delinquent conduct?
Should all images on TV of drugs and alcohol be banned?
Discuss at least one criminological theory that justify your position.
*scenario 1
Marshall is a 24-year-old construction worker who lives at home with his mother. During the week, he goes to work on time, does his work, and comes home. Occasionally, he will go out with a group of coworkers on a Friday evening. He has one other secret. He burglarizes homes and garages in the neighboring communities, selling what he steals via the internet or at pawn shops two counties over. This past weekend, he was arrested during a burglary when he entered a home where the homeowner was present. His mother had to mortgage her home to bail him out of jail. While driving him home, she started to berate him, stating that he has ended up “just like his father, a criminal” and that she will probably end up dying early due to the stress of having a criminal son. Marshall was angry and blurted out that it was her fault, that this was the only life he knew because his father never taught him anything worthwhile. He said that his mother and father fought all the time, and the main subject of their fights was his constant drinking.
    1. Do you think people are born criminals, or is it learned behavior, or other contributing factors that would have an effect? Discuss at least one criminological theory to explain and support your reasoning.
    2. Are the statements from Marshall about responsibility only used to shift blame? Why or why not?
    3. Select one criminological theory from the text and apply it to Marshall’s situation.

Overview
In this assignment, you will summarize and explain the impact of landmark cases.
Prompt
In Project Three, you will examine landmark U.S. Supreme Court cases and their impact on police, courts, corrections, and juveniles. In this assignment, you will prepare for this project by summarizing and explaining the impact of other landmark cases.
First, choose two landmark cases from the list below and summarize them in 50-75 words.
Miranda v. Arizona
Marbury v. Madison
New Jersey v. T.L.O.
Miller v. Alabama
Then, using the same two cases you chose for summary, in 150-300 words, explain the impact these cases had on the policy, procedure, or practice of criminal justice.
Use the Module Six Assignment template to complete this assignment.
Specifically, the following rubric criteria must be addressed:
Summarize two landmark cases from the provided list.
Explain the impact of the cases you chose for summary.
What to Submit
This assignment must be completed using the provided Module Six Assignment template Word Document. Any references must be cited in APA format.