Category: Health & Medical

Advance Directives-research and discuss the legal and ethical basis for Advance Directives such as the Living Will and Durable Power of Attorney for healthcare.
Why are these documents so valuable in healthcare situations?
What legal authority do these documents provide for decision making by family and/or healthcare providers?
Briefly discuss a situation in which a Living Will might apply and would be of benefit to those involved.
Once you have researched and discussed Advance Directives, draft a sample Living Will, indicating the type of content that should be found in such a document. Some students take this opportunity to prepare their own actual Living Will, and that certainly is encouraged.
Grading Criteria: You will submit 2 Word Documents Paper answering the questions highlighted above: 40 points (Word Document: 2-3 pages, APA format)
Living Will Sample Draft: 100 points (Use the book and your state requirements for content to be included
BOOK
This Paragraph is from this book page number : 320-321 page number
Medical Law and Ethics
Bonnie F. Fremgen
Advance Directives
The Federal Patient Self-Determination Act of 1991 mandates that adult patients admitted into any health care facility that receives funding from either Medicare or Medicaid must be asked if they have an advance directive or wish to have information about these self-determination directives. An advance directive is a document that directs a surrogate (a person who is replacing another person) to represent them. Ideally, people make decisions about advance directives before they are in a situation in which they are being admitted to a hospital or nursing home. If these documents—such as a living will, durable power of attorney for health care, Uniform Anatomical Gift Act, or do not resuscitate (DNR) order—have to be drawn up after a patient has entered a facility, then it should be done in a nonstressful manner.
Advance directives are popularly known as living wills. These documents became popular about 30 years ago when medical technology made it possible for people to be kept alive in unpleasant and fragile conditions for long periods of time. An advance directive is a statement or declaration by a patient that he or she does not want to be connected to life support equipment if the patient becomes terminally ill without hope of recovery. The document should be signed and witnessed and may serve as a “living will,” depending on the current law in the person’s state. Advance directives limit the type and amount of medical care and treatment that patients will receive if they should become incompetent and have a poor prognosis. It is important that directives are placed in writing; it is not sufficient for a person to just tell someone what his or her wishes for treatment are. The courts typically enforce written advance directives. For additional discussion about advance directives, see Chapter 5.
Med Tip
All health care professionals should be aware that it is also acceptable for a patient to write an advance directive asking to receive maximum care and treatment for as long as possible.
The substitute judgment rule is used when decisions must be made for people who cannot make their own decisions. Under this rule a person, committee, or institution will attempt to determine what the person would do if she or he were competent to make their own decisions. However, there is always speculation about what decision the patient would actually make if they were competent, even though they may have indicated their wishes to another person at an earlier time. Therefore, when there is a lack of an advance directive, most decision makers will rule in favor of using all interventions such as tube feedings. This is a case in which the principle of beneficence is followed because it operates in the interests of the patient. A subjective judgment of a committee or institution may or may not be what the patient would request if able to do so. Therefore, an advance directive is clearly the recommended document to advise the best course of treatment for the patient.
Without an advance directive from the individual patient, treatments that might be ordered for patients include CPR, mechanical breathing or respirator, tube feedings, kidney dialysis, chemotherapy, intravenous therapy, surgery, diagnostic tests, antibiotics, and transfusions.
Med Tip
It is recommended that all persons over the age of 18 place in writing their wishes about what type of treatment they should receive if they become incompetent. The advance directive should be specific about treatments such as CPR, tube feeding, and ventilators.
Health Care Proxy
In some cases, a person can sign a health care proxy appointing another person to act for them in making health care decisions on their behalf. Each state has passed laws to allow a health care proxy to be signed that authorizes the person appointed to make such health care decisions. Health care proxies may place specific limitations on the authority of the authorized person. Such proxies can be revoked either orally or in writing.
CriteriaRatingsPts
Written Paper Answering Questions: APA Format 5 points Spelling and Grammar 5 points Content 30 points
view longer description
40 pts
Full Marks
0 pts
No Marks
/ 40 pts
Living Will Sample Draft Professional 10 points Writing Mechanics (Grammar, Spelling, Syntax, Format) 25 points Content 65 points
view longer description
100 pts
Full Marks
0 pts
No Marks
/ 100 pts
Total Points: 0

Task summary:
Compare and contrast the similarities and differences of the following careers: physical therapy, occupational therapy, and recreational therapy. Thoroughly cover topics of education, work description, work environment, opportunities, salary, etc.
Full order description:
Dear Freelancer,
please write your answers to the assignment by using the details attached
. MAIN DETAILS:
Compare and contrast the similarities and differences of the following careers: physical therapy, occupational therapy, and recreational therapy. Thoroughly cover topics of education, work description, work environment, opportunities, salary, etc.This paper should be written in a comparison/contrast style of writing, highlighting the similarities and differences of the three professions (do not simply describe each profession).
Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.

Task summary:
Complete a library search for a nursing research article from a peer-reviewed nursing journal that uses a grand or middle-range nursing theory as the theoretical framework for a research study in the practice setting.
Full order description:
Dear Freelancer,
please complete:Initial: 2 replies: MAIN DETAILS:
Instructions:Complete a library search for a nursing research article from a peer-reviewed nursing journal that uses a grand or middle-range nursing theory as the theoretical framework for a research study in the practice setting.
Present the article and describe how the nursing theory was used to guide the research study.
Discuss how application of theoretical frameworks and models can strengthen nursing research studies and promote theory-based practice within the nursing profession.
Be sure to supplement your discussion with personal and professional experiences.
Attach the article to your initial discussion post.
Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis and include peer-reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.

Task summary: You are to create a presentation detailing the epidemiological triangle and the chain of infection for malaria, including descriptions and graphics for each model.
Full order description: Dear Freelancer, please complete the task
There are many different visual models and tools that can be used to map the transmission of infectious diseases. Two such models are the epidemiological triangle and the chain of infection. The epidemiological triangle illustrates the relationships between the agent, host, and environment for a disease. The chain of infection depicts how the disease travels from a reservoir into a host. In this Assignment, you design a graphic of both the epidemiological triangle and the chain of infection for an infectious disease of your choice. Additionally, you write a detailed description for each of your graphics, explaining the components and links, how the disease is transferred, and ways to limit the spread of the disease. Consider how the infectious disease you selected can be illustrated using each of the two models. Create a 7-slide PowerPoint presentation (with speaker notes, 100 for each slide) using the provided template. Your presentation should include the following:
Slide 1: Title slide
Slide 2: A description of the epidemiological triangle for your disease
Slide 3: A graphic of the epidemiological triangle for the disease you selected. Include captions for each component of the triangle.
Slide 4: An explanation of the relationships between and among the agent, host, and environment.
Slides 5 and 6: A description of the chain of infection for the disease you selected. Explain how the disease flows from one link to the next and what can be done at various stages to break the chain.
Slide 7: A graphic of the chain of infection for the disease you selected. Include captions for each link of the chain.
Slide 8: An overview of any social or ethical issues associated with the spread of your disease or with the preventative/treatment methods.Use the Notes section on each slide to explain how you would present each slide to a group of health professionals. Support your work with specific citations from scholarly sources as appropriate, at least 4.
Attached:- additional materials (template)

This is a graded discussion: 10 points possible
due Apr 14
Discussion 1 Using the California Health Education Standards No unread replies.No replies.
Discussion 1: Using the California Health Education Standards We will continue to work with the CA Health Education Standards this week. Now that you have familiarized yourself with the overview of content topics and grades, we will move on to the educational objectives which are organized under “Standards”. Discussion Preparation
1. Review this page from Chapter 1 that shows how to use the Health Standards.
2. If you need more information, return to page 27 in Chapter 1 to understand how to use the Health Education Standards. 3. Return to: The California Health Education Content StandardsLinks to an external site.. Scroll down and find the grade you mentioned in the last discussion
Use the diagram from the manual above to note how you label your content area and standard.
For now, choose an objective that interests you. Dont worry too much about the full label, just report the Content Area:#(letter) goal. I show this in my example below.
For example, from above, I could pick Grade 2: Essential Concepts. Nutrition and Fitness: 1.1 N Classify various foods into food groups.
Discussion Prompt
Discussion 1 Choose a content area, standard and objective
List the over arching standard and health objective.
Follow the format below. Use the internet to search the following: “educational activities for (grade) to (standard) . For example, I used google to search “educational activities for kindergartners to identify healthy snacks”
Provide a link for an activity you find. Provide a short summary of the activity you found.
Find an activity from a peer to comment on.
Example Post
My grade is kindergarten Content area is Nutrition and Physical Activity. The health objective I chose is: Essential Concepts 1.2.N Identify a variety of healthy snacks
My link is: Teacher’s Guide: Healthy Snacking (PreK to Grade 2) (kidshealth.org)Links to an external site.
The activity is: “Snack Buffet” . Students use a big piece of butcher paper to create a large mural of drawn pictures, magazine, newspaper or grocery store advertisement cutouts. Then they display it in the class. During the activity, the teacher will have the children discuss if the snacks are “anytime-green, sometime=yellow, or special times-red”. Those foods will have the corresponding color star put on it. Reply: to peer
Rubric
Points (10)Criteria
1Grade
1Content Area
2Standard: Objective
2Link
2Summary of activity
2reply to a peer that has an activity you like
As this is a course for teachers, be prepared to offer constructive criticism, in other words, pick out some good things about another student’s post, and then offer suggestions, personal experiences, or your own opinion about the various topics. This is an opportunity to collaborate, learn new things, and help other students in their learning.
1. https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/he/cf/cahealthfaq.asp

Every health care organization in the U.S. includuing Long Term Care facilities and agencies, may have problems recruiting, training and retaining qualified workers. What are some common issues/barriers that create such problems? The text covers many aspects of Human Resources departments. Identify and describe the most important functions and responsibiities of HR

Each quality improvement (QI) initiative is composed of systematic inputs, processes, and activities. Additionally, the QI initiative is a team process involving various stakeholders. Whether the initiative is seeking to improve wait time, diabetes care, or other important goals, a team effort can help achieve significant and lasting improvements. Without proper resources as inputs, the QI activities might not reach their optimal outcomes.
Individual members of each team are to write a three- to five-page paper that details Part 2 of your QI initiative.
In part 2 of your paper,
Identify at least three quality improvement or risk management tools or methodologies (e.g. flowchart, 6-Sigma, etc.) needed for your QI initiative.Be sure to provide the rationales for your selected tools or methodologies.
Determine the stakeholders involved to accomplish your QI initiative.Be sure to provide the rationales.
Examine other resources (e.g., time, financial, materials, etc.) required for your QI initiative.Be sure to provide the rationales.
The Quality Improvement Initiative: Part 2 paper
Must be three double-spaced pages in length
Must use at least three scholarly or peer-reviewed sources published in the past 5 years
Part 1 attached

Part 1: Emerging Technologies Paper
General Instructions
Visit the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) Healthcare IT NewsLinks to an external site. homepage.
Select an article published within the past 6 months related to artificial intelligence or precision medicine.
Use Microsoft Word most current version to complete the assignment. Submit as a .doc or .docx file.
Write 1-2 total pages (excluding title and reference pages).
Follow APA current edition rules for grammar, spelling, word usage, and punctuation consistent with formal, scholarly writing.
Include in-text citations and matching references in APA current edition format.
Include the following sections (detailed criteria listed below and in the grading rubric):
Summarize the article. Identify and define the emerging technology described in the article. Provide support from at least one scholarly source.
Describe your intended area of practice. Provide an example of how the emerging technology could be used in your future area of nursing practice. Provide support from at least one scholarly source.
Identify potential legal, ethical, or client safety concerns related to the emerging technology. Provide support from at least one scholarly source.
Describe strategies to mitigate the identified concerns. Provide support from at least one scholarly source.
Identify whether you support the use of the technology in healthcare. Provide a rationale for why or why not. Reflect on how the knowledge will improve your effectiveness as an advanced practice nurse.
Part 2: Extended Reality Technology
General Instructions
Include the following sections:
How might extended reality technologies, such as virtual reality, augmented reality, or mixed reality be utilized in your intended specialty area of advanced nursing practice?
What type of product that is currently available would be best suited for the application you described?
What are potential barriers to the implementation and use of the technology in your future practice area?
Part 2 is discussion question. There is no specific length. Make sure all the parts are answered fully.

write a literature review on laparoscopic gastric sleeve include:
– Historical development and evolution of the technology
– Current uses and evidence for effectiveness of your selected technique
– Future prospects including robot-assisted technologies
requirements: word dox
Essay: 2000-2500 words (excluding abstract, tables, figures and references)
Abstract: 250-300 words summary (not included in word count)
References should be in the Vancouver/Numbered format and use of EndNote is strongly recommended for your references

Please answer the following questions related to this Module and write 1 paragraph for each question (4 -6 sentences).
What did you find most interesting/thought-provoking/upsetting?
How does what we learned about in this module connect to current events/issues?
How does what we learned about in this module connect to you? (this is not a literal question, think of the themes from the module)
The content check is a primary source analysis. Read and compare the following primary sources related to this module. What is their main argument? How does it help you understand the lecture content, as well as with the readings and video clips? How are these primary sources similar and or different?
Primary Source 1: LIN ZEXU, LETTER TO QUEEN VICTORIA (1839)
Looking over the public documents accompanying the tribute sent (by your predecessors) on various occasions, we find the following: “All the people of my country, arriving at the Central Land for purposes of trade, have to feel grateful to the great emperor for the most perfect justice, for the kindest treatment,” and other words to that effect. Delighted did we feel that the kings of your honorable nation so clearly understood the great principles of propriety, and were so deeply grateful for the heavenly goodness (of our emperor):—therefore, it was that we of the heavenly dynasty nourished and cherished your people from afar, and bestowed upon them redoubled proofs of our urbanity and kindness. It is merely from these circumstances, that your country— deriving immense advantage from its commercial intercourse with us, which has endured now two hundred years—has become the rich and flourishing kingdom that it is said to be!
But, during the commercial intercourse which has existed so long, among the numerous foreign merchants resorting hither, are wheat and tares, good and bad; and of these latter are some, who, by means of introducing opium by stealth, have seduced our Chinese people, and caused every province of the land to overflow with that poison. These then know merely to advantage themselves, they care not about injuring others! This is a principle which heaven’s Providence repugnates; and which mankind conjointly look upon with abhorrence! Moreover, the great emperor hearing of it, actually quivered with indignation, and especially dispatched me, the commissioner, to Canton, that in conjunction with the viceroy and lieut.-governor of the province, means might be taken for its suppression!
Every native of the Inner Land who sells opium, as also all who smoke it, are alike adjudged to death. Were we then to go back and take up the crimes of the foreigners, who, by selling it for many years have induced dreadful calamity and robbed us of enormous wealth, and punish them with equal severity, our laws could not but award to them absolute annihilation! But, considering that these said foreigners did yet repent of their crime, and with a sincere heart beg for mercy; that they took 20,283 chests of opium piled up in their store-ships, and through Elliot, the superintendent of the trade of your said country, petitioned that they might be delivered up to us, when the same were all utterly destroyed, of which we, the imperial commissioner and colleagues, made a duly prepared memorial to his majesty;—considering these circumstances, we have happily received a fresh proof of the extraordinary goodness of the great emperor, inasmuch as he who voluntarily comes forward, may yet be deemed a fit subject for mercy, and his crimes be graciously remitted him. But as for him who again knowingly violates the laws, difficult indeed will it be thus to go on repeatedly pardoning! He or they shall alike be doomed to the penalties of the new statute. We presume that you, the sovereign of your honorable nation, on pouring out your heart before the altar of eternal justice, cannot but command all foreigners with the deepest respect to reverence our laws! If we only lay clearly before your eyes, what is profitable and what is destructive, you will then know that the statutes of the heavenly dynasty cannot but be obeyed with fear and trembling!
…
Your honorable nation takes away the products of our central land, and not only do you thereby obtain food and support for yourselves, but moreover, by re-selling these products to other countries you reap a threefold profit. Now if you would only not sell opium, this threefold profit would be secured to you: how can you possibly consent to forgo it for a drug that is hurtful to men, and an unbridled craving after gain that seems to know no bounds! Let us suppose that foreigners came from another country, and brought opium into England, and seduced the people of your country to smoke it, would not you, the sovereign of the said country, look upon such a procedure with anger, and in your just indignation endeavor to get rid of it? Now we have always heard that your highness possesses a most kind and benevolent heart, surely then you are incapable of doing or causing to be done unto another, that which you should not wish another to do unto you!
…
Our celestial empire rules over ten thousand kingdoms! Most surely do we possess a measure of godlike majesty which ye cannot fathom! Still we cannot bear to slay or exterminate without previous warning, and it is for this reason that we now clearly make known to you the fixed laws of our land. If the foreign merchants of your said honorable nation desire to continue their commercial intercourse, they then must tremblingly obey our recorded statutes, they must cut off for ever the source from which the opium flows, and on no account make an experiment of our laws in their own persons! Let then your highness punish those of your subjects who may be criminal, do not endeavor to screen or conceal them, and thus you will secure peace and quietness to your possessions, thus will you more than ever display a proper sense of respect and obedience, and thus may we unitedly enjoy the common blessings of peace and happiness. What greater joy! What more complete felicity than this!
Let your highness immediately, upon the receipt of this communication, inform us promptly of the state of matters, and of the measure you are pursuing utterly to put a stop to the opium evil. Please let your reply be speedy. Do Do not on any account make excuses or procrastinate. A most important communication.
Primary Source 2:
MANIFESTO OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY, MARX & ENGELS, 1848
In proportion as the bourgeoisie, i.e., capital, is developed, in the same proportion is the proletariat, the modern working class, developed — a class of laborers, who live only so long as they find work, and who find work only so long as their labour increases capital. These laborers, who must sell themselves piecemeal, are a commodity, like every other article of commerce, and are consequently exposed to all the vicissitudes of competition, to all the fluctuations of the market.
Owing to the extensive use of machinery, and to the division of labor, the work of the proletarians has lost all individual character, and, consequently, all charm for the workman. He becomes an appendage of the machine, and it is only the most simple, most monotonous, and most easily acquired knack, that is required of him. Hence, the cost of production of a workman is restricted, almost entirely, to the means of subsistence that he requires for maintenance, and for the propagation of his race. But the price of a commodity, and therefore also of labour, is equal to its cost of production. In proportion, therefore, as the repulsiveness of the work increases, the wage decreases. Nay more, in proportion as the use of machinery and division of labour increases, in the same proportion the burden of toil also increases, whether by prolongation of the working hours, by the increase of the work exacted in a given time or by increased speed of machinery, etc.
Modern Industry has converted the little workshop of the patriarchal master into the great factory of the industrial capitalist. Masses of laborers, crowded into the factory, are organized like soldiers. As privates of the industrial army they are placed under the command of a perfect hierarchy of officers and sergeants. Not only are they slaves of the bourgeois class, and of the bourgeois State; they are daily and hourly enslaved by the machine, by the overlooker, and, above all, by the individual bourgeois manufacturer himself. The more openly this despotism proclaims gain to be its end and aim, the more petty, the more hateful and the more embittering it is.
The less the skill and exertion of strength implied in manual labour, in other words, the more modern industry becomes developed, the more is the labour of men superseded by that of women. Differences of age and sex have no longer any distinctive social validity for the working class. All are instruments of labour, more or less expensive to use, according to their age and sex.