Respond to each questions include various sources, make sure to not use Al; Man

Respond to each questions include various sources, make sure to not use Al;
Many police department use sting operations to enforce the criminal law regarding crimes such
as drugs and prostitution.
1. Evaluate when and how a sting operation may have crossed the line and become entrapment. That is to say explain in detsail and with hypothetical examples at what point a sting operation changes to entrapment.
2. Do you believe that such types of law enforcement should be abolished? Why or why not?
3. What do they think would happen if sting operations were abolished?
4. What about programs like “To Catch a Predator?

Intro to Legal Research and Writing ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS The Alaska Admini

Intro to Legal Research and Writing
ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
The Alaska Administrative Code (A.A.C.)
The Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.)
To be filed on or before Monday, December 4
LAW DERIVED FROM
ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
Three Equal Branches of American Government
As we learned early in the course, the Constitution of the United States provides us with
a “tripartite” system of government, one that exists “in three parts” or branches. Through a
series of checks and balances, each of the three branches of government is designed to carry
out a specific governing function while retaining power equal to the other two branches. This
system of government provides us with a legislative branch of government which enacts our
laws, an executive branch which enforces our laws, and a judicial branch which interprets our
laws. As each of our fifty states came into being, a similar tripartite structure was adopted for
most state governments. The same is true of most local governments. As a result, we have in
the United States three branches of government, executive, legislative and judicial, which exist
at three levels of government, federal, state and local. We obtain “law” from each of these three
equal branches.
The legislative branch of government consists of elected representatives who “enact”
law; the federal congress, the state legislatures, and the municipal assemblies or councils. We
refer to these laws as statutes or ordinances.
The judicial branch consists of the federal court system, a separate court system for
each state and the District of Columbia, and in most instances, although not in Alaska, a local
or municipal court system. This branch of government “decrees” law which we refer to as “case
law” or “common law.”
Finally, the executive branch of government consists of elected executive officers, the
President at the federal level, the Governor at the state level, and the Mayor at the municipal
level. In addition, the executive branch includes several administrative agencies, each headed
by an administrator appointed by the executive. We obtain much of our law from the
administrative agencies of the executive branch of our government. In fact, most authorities
declare that the majority of our law comes from the executive branch through the administrative
rules and regulations that are promulgated by the various administrative agencies. We generally
simply refer to this law as “regulations.” We all hear constantly from politicians that it is the
unreasonable use of regulations that adversely impacts many aspects of our day-to-day lives
and impedes the progress of our economy.
You can easily name dozens of these agencies. They are known by a variety of names:
“agency,” “commission,” “administration,” “service,” “authority,” “board,” “department, “division,”
or even “corporation.” For example, common federal agencies and their acronyms include:
Agricultural Stabilization Commission (ASC)
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF)
1

I. Relationship a. In what capacity do you know (name) b. how long have you

I. Relationship
a. In what capacity do you know (name)
b. how long have you known him?
c. Feelings for (name)
II. General statement of support
a. Do you understand the trouble (name) is in?
b have you talked with him about his trouble?
c. are you able to help him in any way? (place to live, job, other support)
III. Statement and Character
a. what good things can you say about (name)
b. mention character traits (honesty, courage, love, etc and examples)
c. offer any personal experiences or insights that may help the Judge understand (name) true character
IV. Conclusion
a. express to Judge in your own words how (name) knows he has done wrong, regrets doing what he did, and wants to go forward with his life.

In 200 to 400 words discuss how fusion centers have changed in the United States

In 200 to 400 words discuss how fusion centers have changed in the United States from post 9/11 to today and how fusion centers play a role in counterterrorism strategies.
As a part of this assignment, you are required to read the web page Appendix 1 – Establishing a National Integrated Network of State and Major Urban Area Fusion Centers, which was originally published by the Bush administration in 2007 (updated in 2012) and outlines the initial role of fusion centers in the United States. This will provide the historical context and background information for your essay. Review the updated National Strategy for Information Sharing and Safeguarding document.

This assignment requires you to write a case study of the following decision: R

This assignment requires you to write a case study of the following decision: R v Turnbull [1977] QB 224 You should have particular reference to more recent case law including specifically R v Malkinson [2023] EWCA Crim 954
Criteria for Assessment
1. This case summary should include:
• Introduction. Introduce the case and its legal significance. • Facts. The facts should be kept as brief as possible. State the facts simply, clearly and in the order events occurred. • Decision. This should, again, be as brief as possible but should include the main findings of the court or tribunal, together with any relevant extracts from the findings which explain how and why the court or tribunal came to that decision.
• Analysis. This is the most important part. You must critically analyse the decision of this case in the context of the law relating to the admissibility of identification evidence. It gives you an opportunity to critically assess the significance of the decision in the relevant legal area (including its impact on previous, or subsequent case law, and to comment on and criticise the decision in the light of various opinions and theories, which relate to that area of law and the impact it has today. 2. Please note: • Summarise the case in your own words. You can use quotations if they are important but keep these to a minimum. We are looking to see how well you understand the case, its context and significance.
• Please make sure this is referenced properly • Make sure you proofread your work. We will be assessing grammar and punctuation as well as your ability to correctly summarise this reported case. Word Count
The word count is 2000.
There will be a penalty of a deduction of 10% of the mark (after internal moderation) for work exceeding the word limit by 10% or more.
The word limit includes quotations and citations, but excludes the references list.
Marking and Feedback
What will I be marked against?
Details of the marking criteria for this task can be found at the bottom of this assignment brief. Assessed Module Learning Outcomes
The Learning Outcomes for this module align to the marking criteria which can be found at the end of this brief. Ensure you understand the marking criteria to ensure successful achievement of the assessment task. The following module learning outcomes are assessed in this task:
Learning Outcomes This assignment is designed to assess the following learning outcomes:
• Critically review the historical development of and principles underlying the law of evidence.
• Identify, apply and evaluate the rules of evidence and relevant case law.
• Undertake extensive legal research and consolidate this research in order to respond appropriately to assessment tasks.
• Critically evaluate proposals for reform where appropriate.
This is the assignment brief. Use a few articles and cases but dont over do the references.
Make Sure to add a bibliography.
This is a key assignment and it’s very important I receive top marks.
Please aim to achieve a first. Aim for around 75-80%

We will now continue our discussion about the Grand Jury. Last week we briefly d

We will now continue our discussion about the Grand Jury.
Last week we briefly discussed the grand jury’s investigative power. As mentioned, the grand jury
indicts upon a finding of probable cause. Accordingly, the grand jury’s power to investigate is
quite encompassing. As discussed by the US Supreme Court in US v R Enterprises (link appears
below), for the grand jury to determine probable cause, its investigative power is not limited by
probable cause to investigate; the threshold to investigate is way much lower. This is because the
grand jury cannot know in advance what information will be obtained in its investigation. Read
the case below:
https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/498/292/case.html
Last week, we also discussed that a target of an investigation is not constitutionally nor by any
Rule entitled to counsel inside the grand jury. (US v Mandujano; Rule 6) This does not mean that
a grand jury witness or target cannot have his attorney. If he/she does, counsel must wait outside
the grand jury room, and the witness/target is free to walk out and consult whenever necessary.
Because every citizen is required to appear before a grand jury, and normally one will not be under
police custody when so summoned, Miranda Warnings need not be constitutionally given. Hence,
anyone who incriminates or perjures himself before the Grand Jury cannot later invoke a lack of
Miranda Warnings (US v Mandujano page 2 of syllabus).
In addition, because the Grand Jury proceeding constitutes an investigative stage, prior to the
issuance of an indictment many other constitutional rights do not apply. For example, the
government is not required to provide the grand jury any exculpatory evidence (as is required of
the government to provide to the defense once formal criminal charges attach — something we
shall discuss during our class on Discovery) — (US v Williams page 2 of syllabus); likewise the
government can unlike in a criminal trial present evidence that may be suppressed if obtained in
violation of the IVth Amendment prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures (US v
Calandra page 2 of syllabus). You are not required to read the Williams and Calandra cases,
however, its is recommended.
Witnesses who appear before the Grand Jury must normally answer all questions posed, except
any which may be self-incriminating and are thus protected by the Vth Amendment. Also, certain
questions need not be answered on the grounds of certain few and specific privileges, for example
attorney-client.
A Grand Jury witness cannot generically claim Fifth Amendment privilege. For example, he/she
cannot refuse to provide name, address and other non-incriminating information. Also, a witness
cannot decline to provide physical evidence, such as hair and blood samples, or remove her shirt
to show a scar or tattoo, or even provide a voice or handwriting sample. (US v. Dionisio and US
v Mara page 2 of syllabus — you are not required to read these cases as well; I am including them
for your information).
Witnesses who invoke the Vth Amendment may still be required to answer questions if the
Government immunizes them. That is, under the federal immunity statute, 18 USC sec 6002, once
immunity is given, the witness cannot be charged criminally regarding any testimony given, nor
from evidence derived from the testimony. Immunity, when used properly is a useful tool for the
Government to obtain evidence. If the witness refuses to answer, he/she can be found in criminal
contempt. The following short article and video further explain the concept of immunity. Please
read and view the same:
https://www.whitecollarcrimeresources.com/how-immunity-works-in-federal-criminal-cases.html
. After reading US v R Enterprises, what limits, if any, exist to a federal grand
jury’s investigative power. Please discuss and provide an original example not from
the case.
2. Agree or disagree with the following statement: While the government can
benefit from immunizing a witness, so too can a witness or target benefit from
immunity. Explain your answer.
3. Optional — Have any of you ever participated in a grand jury proceeding to
testify about an investigation? If so, what has been your general experience?
(Because the proceeding is confidential, you need not provide details; also if ongoing
do not answer)

REQUIREMENTS FOR Policy Pitch (J439 Fall 2023) The goal of this project is to ex

REQUIREMENTS FOR Policy Pitch (J439 Fall 2023)
The goal of this project is to examine a real- world problem, what is currently being done to address the problem, and generate recommendations for solutions that can be implemented to address the problem.
Parameters of the Paper
• Your paper must have at least 15 references including at least 10 empirical studies related specifically to the problem or the strategies you are considering to address the problem.
• You must also include a separate references section. References in the text will use American Sociological Association format: (Author(s) year) e.g. (Simpson and Fagan 1994). If you are quoting someone else’s words directly, enclose the quoted material in quotation marks and include the authors, year, and page (e.g. Simpson and Fagan 1994: 312). If you have the same authors in more than one year then include a letter so that I will know which one you are referring to. (e.g. Simpson and Fagan 2000a). There will be a sample sheet available when formatting the references comes up.
• There will be two pmts to this pitch: the paper and the presentation oPaper:
• should be approximately 3,000 words in length (not including references). Significantly longer or shorter papers are usually problematic.
• You must include a word count on your title page.
• Papers must be typed and double-spaced, with 12- point Times New Roman font, with one-inch margins.
• References can be single-spaced with a space in between.
• Also, label each section with a bold- faced centered heading: Introduction, Problem Identification, Current Strategies, Literature Review, Recommendations, Conclusion
The Introduction section is a standard introduction. You need to tell the reader what you are doing. In the introduction you need to describe why you are writing the paper in the first place and how you plan to accomplish that purpose. The introduction sets the tone for the whole paper, so it is important that it be done well.
In the Problem Identification section you will discuss the nature of the problem locally with some level of specificity. What information is available and what does it say specifically about the problem?
Additionally, if it is helpful to compare the local situation to national trends, that can be done here. You may also note areas where more information is needed. Identifying the nature of the problem clearly will make it much easier to determine what strategies might be effective in addressing that problem.
In the Current Strategies section you will discuss available information on local strategies to address the problem you identified in the previous section. You should clearly state where you looked for this information and what you found. It may also be helpful to identify what strategies other cities have undertaken to address the problem you identify.
The Literature Review section is where you discuss the results of your examination of the available scholarly literature (i.e. empirical studies) on the strategies that are currently used or could be implemented to address the issue you identified previously. This will necessitate a deep and meaningful review of a variety of electronic databases for a “deep dive” into the evidence base for your proposed recommendations.
The Recommendations section is where you identify whether we should continue, expand or discontinue current strategies or add/ replace them with alternative strategies, as well as areas where more research is needed. You need to be specific. So, for example, if the strategy works when we have officers on foot in high violent crime areas but not when they just walk around low crime neighborhoods, you should recommend targeted foot patrols. Be sure to identify the source of your recommendations (i.e. the studies that support them)
The Conclusion ties together the paper. It is the section that reminds readers where you have taken them. Tell them what you told them in the previous sections. This section is also important because it is the last thing readers will remember. It is important not to present any new information here. You are only summarizing what you have previously said.
My topic is mass incarceration in the state of Indiana and how it relates to drugs. It can be directed at other places too but mainly indina

Assignment Task This assignment is an individual assignment. You should aim to u

Assignment Task
This assignment is an individual assignment. You should aim to use 2,000 words answering the following task:
On 5 September 2023 at 9.30 pm, Gladys Davies, aged 96 years, climbed the stairs of her terraced house in the city, to the first floor, and got ready for bed. She went to bed, turned off the light, and went to sleep.
At 1.00 am on 6 September Derek, aged 32 years, dressed all in black, with boots, a balaclava, and a shoulder bag, jumped over the back wall of the house, walked up to the back of Gladys’s house, and forced the ground floor living room window open with a steel ‘jemmy’. He climbed inside, and began to search methodically through drawers and cupboards for items of value. He was careful not to make a mess. He found nothing of value on the ground floor, so made his way upstairs. He arrived at the landing and moved quietly into Gladys’s bedroom, where he could see her asleep and hear her snoring.
Derek saw a chest of drawers next to the side of the bed where Gladys lay sleeping. He went to it and began opening the drawers and searching inside each one. On opening and searching the third drawer down he found a small box, which, when he opened it and shone a torch at the contents, he saw was filled with small items of jewellery. These items were old rings, necklaces and brooches; they had all been left to Gladys by her mother when she died. Derek placed the box of jewellery into his shoulder bag, allowing the torch beam to shine on the bed as he did so, causing Gladys to wake. As she became aware of the dark form of Derek in front of her, she yelled out in fright. Derek backed away into the bedside table, causing a mug of cold cocoa to tumble to the floor, smashing, and staining the patterned rug which covered the floor. Derek made off out of the bedroom, onto the landing, down the stairs, and into the hallway. He turned the key to the front door to let himself out, and ran off down the street.
Derek ran as hard and far as he could, and then walked home. The next day he took the bus to Max’s house, knocked on the door, and was let in. Max took Derek into the kitchen, and asked him what he had brought for him. Derek took the box of jewellery out and gave it to Max. ‘That’ll do’ said Max. ‘Does that mean that my debt is paid’ asked Derek? ‘Will you leave me alone and stop threatening me?’. ‘Maybe’ said Max.
Derek was arrested two days later. His image had been caught on CCTV at the roundabout near to Gladys’s house. In interview with the police, Derek admitted entering Gladys’s house and stealing the box of jewellery. He claimed that he had been forced into his actions as he owed a drug debt to his supplier, who had been threatening him with serious violence if he did not pay.
In relation to this matter, Derek was charged with burglary of a dwelling, and pleaded guilty at his first appearance before the Magistrates. His case was committed to the Crown Court for sentence, and he is appearing before the court for sentence next week. He has been on bail since charge, and he has no previous convictions.
A victim Personal Statement of Gladys shows that the shock of finding Derek in her house has left her feeling scared and vulnerable in her home, and she is thinking of moving into an old people’s home.
Advise Derek as to the likely sentence that he faces when he appears before the court next week.
ADDENDUM
Having completed the above task, consider the following information:
Police records show that Derek is also known as ‘Cedric’. Under this alias he has two previous convictions for dwelling house burglary. The second of these offences was committed after he had been sentenced for the first; and he was sentenced for the second offence before entering Gladys’s house on 6 September 2023. For the first previous offence of dwelling house burglary, ’Cedric’ (nee Derek) received a prison sentence of 6 months, for the second offence he received a prison sentence of eighteen months.
In no more than 500 words, advise ’Cedric’ (nee Derek) what effect these facts will have, if any, on the sentencing decision.
Criteria for Assessment
The University’s Undergraduate Assessment Criteria will be used.
This assignment is designed to assess learning outcomes:
1. Identify and critically evaluate the theories, concepts, values, principles and rules that underpin sentencing laws and judicial decision-making.
2. Analyse contemporary issues and recent developments in the law, and advise on potential legal reform.
3. Undertake effective independent research to generate nuanced responses to questions on sentencing matters.
4. Apply a range of legal principles and knowledge to a complex hypothetical problem
Word Count
The word count is 2,500 words
There will be a penalty of a deduction of 10% of the mark (after internal moderation) for work exceeding the word limit by 10% or more.
Please ensure that you have submitted your work using the correct file format, unreadable files will receive a mark of zero. The faculty accepts Microsoft Office and PDF documents, unless otherwise advised by the module leader.
All work submitted after the submission deadline without a valid and approved reason (see below) will be given a mark of zero.
Students MUST keep a copy and/or an electronic file of their assignment.
Development of Skills and Attributes
The module and assessment will develop graduate attributes by developing
• Effective communication,
• Accuracy in application,
• Depth of knowledge to draw from,
• Use of material facts and law, and
• An ability to address the task in a practical way.
write it so its graded a 1st or a high 2-1- around 70%