T‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‍his is a 25 page research paper but I have 3 pages complete

T‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‍his is a 25 page research paper but I have 3 pages completed already so I just need the rest completed on the topic below for my PHD level HEALTH Policy course. . The professor would like the numbered items addressed in the paper so I researched the material that needs to be used to address them and the points that need to be elaborated on for each section. The professor needs references (in-text) as well. I have completed a section already and have included it so that you can get a sense of what my writing voice and my writing tone is. I want to make sure the writing is similar to my writing style/ tone that is already in the previous sections as this is not a large group and the professor has previous writing material from me that he has graded and is familiar with my voice. Nonetheless, I think you will be able to complete this. The assignment is already over-due so as soon as you are able to complete I will appreciate it. Please use the references I have included and if you use additional references please provide citations. many thanks. LAST NOTE : my professor uses software which scans papers for plagiarism and likeness to other papers, so please paraphrase like I have done in the example. Topic: Medicaid Expansion – Access Disparities Thesis: 12 States have not adopted the Medicaid expansion, leaving millions of Americans in these states uninsured and without access to affordable healthcare. The inaction by these states to adopt Medicaid expansion is continuing to deepen racial and socioeconomic health disparities in these states. Background: With the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) millions of Americans were set to become eligible for access to affordable healthcare. The scope of Medicaid expansion that the ACA was set to provide would have provided hundreds of billions of dollars to states from the federal government in order to fund Medicaid expansion to states and bring the country a step closer to realizing universal healthcare access for all Americans. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was not passed through the legislature with bi-partisan support. In fact, It was met with much opposition from conservative members of the legislature, many of whom vowed that their states would not accept any funds from the federal government that came from the Affordable Care Act. A total of 12 states opted not to expand Medicaid coverage and accept Medicaid funds for their states. The ramifications of this legislative decision have impacted the residents of the states who now must do without access to affordable healthcare. Amidst a global pandemic and economic turmoil, many Americans have lost income, lost employer sponsored health insurance, and have taken additional medical bills as the result of Covid-19. The communities impacted most by these legislative decisions often are those already marginalized communities of lower socioeconomic status Black and Hispanic individuals. These same communities are also the ones that have the greatest need for quality healthcare access, and the inaction of many state governors to continue Medicaid expansion stands to further deepen the racial and socioeconomic health disparities in their states. 2. A description/discussion (including statistical descriptors) of the demographics of the target population including who benefits and under what conditions (eligibility criteria) and for how long (time, age limits) a. – who will be covered under ACA b. Effects of ACA in Medicaid expansion and non med expansion states – c. “Medicaid expansion increased the probability of having “any insurance” for the pooled urban and rural low-income populations” – 3. Discussion of ideological and values that underpin this social policy are presented. Specific political influences are identified and discussed in light of the legislation’s intent. a. Healthcare disparities, gaps in access, quality, etc. b. Universal healthcare is it right for US?- c. dEBATE- PROS AND Cons of universal health care – d. need for universal healthcare amid Covid 19 – 4. An analysis of the policy in light of its stated intent: a substantive discussion of the implications of the policy in regard to gender, race and class. Does the policy “do” what it intended to? If not, why? If so, how well? a. – improves womens health- cant be charged more b. health benefits for women c. ‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‍- has reduced racial disparities – black Hispanic etc d. Narrows racial disparities – e. Racial disparities- f. Reduced class disparities- g. Affordable for low income people – h. Effects of aca intent- i. Doing what its intended to do ? j. Accomplishmnets of ACA – 5. A discussion of the consideration and presentation of alternative approaches that might better embrace the mission of public health programs at the national, state, and municipal levels. If the policy is working to attain its goal, discuss how and why. In this section you should pay particular attention to how this policy is working (or not) to advance the public health programs within society. a. What makes ACA successful – provides income stream, etc.. b. Protects preexisting conditons, etc, list of why it works – c. Cost sharing, etc. – This is what I have so far: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) commonly referred to as “Obamacare” was enacted into law in March of 2010, comprised of two healthcare bills officially known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) (Pub. L. No. 111-148, 124 STAT. 119), and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (HERCA) (Pub. L. No. 111-152, 124 Stat. 1029) (citations). The ACA bill was enacted on March 23rd of 2010, and the later HERCA bill would later go into law on March 30th of 2010. The Affordable Care Act is the primary law that was passed with three primary objectives of 1) Providing access to affordable health care to more people 2) Expanding Medicaid coverage to more people 3) providing government support for lowering healthcare delivery costs (. Health and Human Services, .). The Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (HERCA) was enacted as a reconciliation bill to assuage differences between the . House of Representatives and the . Senate versions of the healthcare law. HERCA was thus enacted into law as part of the healthcare reform legislation as a reconciliation bill that would allow for only budgetary amendments to be made to the Affordable Care Act (University of Minnesota Law School, 2021). These two landmark laws enacted under the administration of President Barack Obama would become one of the most significant healthcare reform legislation ever signed into law in the history of the United States. The passage of the Affordable Care Act is one of the defining achievements of the Obama administration that campaigned reforming the . healthcare systems that had left an estimated 45 million people uninsured, as a centerpiece of his administration (Levy, 2021). The introduction of what would eventually become the ACA was met with ardent apprehension and opposition, as previous attempts at large scale healthcare reform had been unsuccessful. The need for healthcare reform itself was not a universally agreed mandate among legislative members at the time, notably, members of the Republican party. Even among legislators who did agree that healthcare reform was needed, the best approach or avenue to reform was still a subject for debate. The precedence set for attempts at healthcare reform did not favor successful passage of healthcare reform. Previous attempts at healthcare reform came under Democratic president Bill Clinton in 1993. His proposal for healthcare reform was created by a national taskforce spearheaded by First Lady Hillary Clinton. The bill that was developed and presented was known as “The Health Security Act of 1993” which aimed to ensure every American had access to healthcare services in the United States. The proposed bill would quickly become coined as “Hillary-care” by opposition in the Republican party and met with criticism and opposition from health insurance lobbyist, pharmaceutical lobbyists, and small-business lobbyists which would ultimately contribute to the bills demise (Navarro, 2008). The Health Security Act of 1993 also known as “Hillary-care” never advanced far enough through the legislative process to come to a vote by the . Senate due to a myriad of reasons that would set a negative precedence for future attempts at healthcare reform (""HillaryCare" (The proposed health security‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‍ Act of 1993)," .).